Abstract
This paper reviews the work which had been done in Nigeria from 1911 to 1981 on several aspects of the biology of Zonocerus variegatus (L.), a variegated grasshopper pest of many food crops. The account covers recent advances in the areas of breeding biology, locomotory and migratory activities, morphometries, feeding habits, parasitisation, and strategies for effective control of the grasshopper in Nigeria.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anya A. O. (1973) Ecology of the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera:Acridoidea, Pyrgo-morphidae) on the Nsukka Plateau, Nigeria. Entomolo-gia exp. appl. 16, 65–76.
Bernays E. A., Chapman R. F., Cook A. G., McVeigh L. J. and Page W. W. (1975) Food plants in the survival and development of Zonocerus variegatus (L.). Acrida 4, 33–45.
Bernays E. A., Chapman R. F., Leather E. M., McCaf-fery A. R. and Modder W. W. D. (1977) The relationship of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea:Pyrago-morphidae) with cassava (Manihot esculenta). Bull. ent. Res. 67, 391–404.
Chapman R. F. (1962) The ecology and distribution of grasshoppers in Ghana. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 139, 1–66.
Chapman R. F., Cook A. G., Mitchell G. A. and Page W. W. (1977) Descriptions and morphometries of the nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera, Acri-doidea). Bull. ent. Res. 67, 229–242.
Chapman R. F., Cook A. G., Mitchell G. A. and Page W. W. (1978) Wing dimorphism and flight in Zonocerus var-iegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Pyrgomorphidae). Bull. ent. Res. 68, 229–242.
Chapman R. F., Page W. W. and Cook A. G. (1979) A study of population changes in the grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus in southern Nigeria. J. Anim. Ecol. 48, 247–270.
Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London (COPR) (1974) Control of Zonocerus variegatus L. in Nigeria— Interim Report: 1972–1973. ODM Research Scheme R2727.
COPR (1975) Control of Zonocerus variegatus L. in Nigeria—2nd Interim Report: 1973–1974. ODM Research Scheme R2727.
COPR (1976) Synopsis of main points in the seasonal biology of Zonocerus variegatus and control using a non-insecticidal method.
COPR (1977) Control of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) in Nigeria—Final Report and Recommendations. ODM Research Scheme R2727.
Doku E. V. (1969) Cassava in Ghana. Ghana University Press, Accra.
Golding F. D. (1940) Notes on the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus L., in Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 30, 543–550.
Golding F. D. (1946) The insect pests of Nigerian crops and stock. Spec. Bull, agric. Dep. Nigeria, No. 4.
Golding F. D. (1948) The Acrididae (Orthoptera) of Nigeria. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 99, 517–587.
Iheagwam E. U. (1979) Host plant effects on fecundity and adult survival of Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Revue zool. afr. 39, 760–765.
Iheagwam E. U. (1980) Overlapping and copulation between the wet- and dry-season generations of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Pyrgomorphidae) at Nsukka, Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 70, 533–536.
Jerath M. L. (1965) Note on the biology of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) from Eastern Nigeria. Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 72, 243–251.
Jerath M. L. (1968) Notes on the biology of some short-horned grasshoppers from Eastern Nigeria (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 43, 27–38.
Kaufmann T. (1965) Observations on aggregation, migration and feeding habits of Zonocerus variegatus in Ghana (Orthoptera:Acrididae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 58, 426–436.
Lamborn W. A. (1914) The agricultural pests of the Southern Province, Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 5, 197–214.
McCaffery A. R., Cook A. G., Page W. W. and Perfect T. J. (1978) Utilisation of food by Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Pyrgomorphidae). Bull. ent. Res. 68, 589–606.
Matanmi B. (1979) Mermis sp. (Nematoda:Mermithidae) as a parasite of the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Pyrgomorphidae). Ife J. Agriculture.
Modder W. W. D. (1977a) Changes in somatic tissues in the penultimate instars of the African grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea:Pyrgomorphidae). Acrida 6, 19–32.
Modder W. W. D. (1977b) A report on changes during embryonic development in the African pest grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) including the demonstration of a diapause using respirometry. Bull. ent. Res. 5, 197–214.
Modder W. W. D. (1979) Effects of egg-pod exposure on respiration and dry matter and water content in eggs of the African grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae). Acrida 8, 219–226.
Modder W. W. D. and Singh S. R. (1976) Utilisation of cassava, Manihot esculenta, in the laboratory by the later instars of the African grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea:Pyrgomorphidae). Rev. zool. afr. 90, 417–430.
Okere A. N. (1980) Studies on the biology of Zonocerus variegatus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan.
Oyidi O. (1966) Variation and variability in orthopteran insects. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.
Oyidi O. (1967) Variation and variability in orthopteran insects. I. The influence of age on chiasma frequency in Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acrididae). Jl W. Afr. Sci. Ass. 12, 131–138.
Oyidi O. (1968) Variation and variability in orthopteran insects. V. Note on the biology status of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acrididae) in Nigeria, with particular reference to the relationship between dry and wet season populations. Jl W. Afr. Sci. Ass. 13, 159–164.
Oyidi O. (1972) Variation and variability in orthopteran insects. IV. Variation of chiasma frequency in seasonal populations of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Pyrgomorphi-dae). Niger. J. Sci. 6, 107–117.
Page W. W. (1978a) Destruction of eggs as an alternative to chemical control of the grasshopper pest Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Pyrgomorphidae) in Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 68, 575–581.
Page W. W. (1978b) The biology and control of the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus. PANS 24, 270–277.
Page W. W., Harris J. R. W. and Youdeowei A. (1980) Defoliation and consequent crop loss in cassava caused by the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in southern Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 70, 151–163.
Peacock A. D. (1913) Entomological pests and problems of southern Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 4, 191–220.
Phipps J. (1970) Notes on the biology of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Sierra Leone. J. zool. Land. 161, 317–349.
Taylor T. A. (1964) Blaesoxipha filipjevi Rohd (Diptera:Sarcophagidae) parasitising Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea) in Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 55, 83–86.
Taylor T. A. (1972) On the origin of the wet-season form of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea) in southern Nigeria with some biological notes. Bull. ent. Res. 61, 661–667.
Theodorides J. (1965) Orders des enoplides superfamille des mormithoidea. Traite Zool. 4, 681–704.
Toye S. A. (1968) A severe damage to a banana plantation by Zonocerus variegatus (L.). Niger, ent. Mag. 1, 125–128.
Toye S. A. (1970) The structure of the egg of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea). Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 81, 19–28.
Toye S. A. (1971a) Notes on the biology of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea) in the Western State of Nigeria. Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 48, 384–392.
Toye S. A. (1971b) The locomotory activity of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea) under natural light, temperature, and humidity conditions. J. nat. Hist. 5, 601–607.
Toye S. A. (1972) On the feeding and locomotory activities of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea). Abstr. 14th Int. Congr. Ent. 1972, p. 168.
Toye S. A. (1974) Feeding and locomotory activities of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea). Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 66, 205–212.
Vilardebo A. (1953) La lutte contre Zonocerus variegatus. Fruits d’outre mer 8, 448–450.
Vilardebo A. (1954) La lutte contre Zonocerus variegatus. Fruits d’outre mer 9, 302–310.
Vuillaume M. (1953) Biologie et comportement en A.O.F., de Zonocerus variegatus. Thesis, University of Paris.
Vuillaume M. (1954) Etude du cycle du Zonocerus variegatus en basse Cote d’lvoire. Fruits d’outre mer 9, 147–156.
Vuillaume M. (1955) Biologie et comportement en A.O.F. de Zonocerus variegatus avec essais de comparison entre Acridiens grands et petit migrateurs. Revue Path, veg Ent. agric. Fr. 38, 121–198.
Youdeowei A. (1974) Dissection of the Variegated Grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.). Oxford University Press, Ibadan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toye, S.A. Studies on the Biology of the Grasshopper Pest Zonocerus Variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Nigeria: 1911–1981. Int J Trop Insect Sci 3, 1–7 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400001831
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400001831