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Energy and Poverty: A Proposal to Harness International Law to Advance Universal Access to Modern Energy Services

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References

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  49. Among the few international law instruments that specifically refer to energy in the context of overcoming poverty is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Dis crimination against Women (CEDAW), GA Res. 31/180 (18 December 1979) (entry into force 3 September 1981). Art. 14(2)(h) of this Convention obliges State Parties to eliminate discrimination against women, particularly in rural areas, and to ensure that they ‘enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communication’.

  50. Adopted 19 December 1966, GA Res. 2200 (XXI), UN GAOR, 21st Sess., Supp. No. 16, UN Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 UNTS p. 3 (entered into force 3 January 1976).

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  54. See, e.g., Energy Services for the Millennium Development Goals, supra n. 2, p. 66.

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  84. See, e.g., Liberia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, IMF Country Report No. 08/219, p. 116 (setting out such initiatives in the strategic objective of improving the legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks in the energy sector). See also Albania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper — National Strategy for Development and Integration, IMF Country Report No. 08/269, p. 43 (identifying the establishment of an effective institutional and regulatory framework for restructuring the public energy companies as a strategy to meet the demand for energy). On targets, see Practical Action, supra n. 31, p. 3.

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  92. The aide memoire prepared for this forum by the United Nations is available at <http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/energy/op/parliamentarian_forum>.

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Bradbrook, A.J., Gardam, J.G. Energy and Poverty: A Proposal to Harness International Law to Advance Universal Access to Modern Energy Services. Neth Int Law Rev 57, 1–28 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165070X10100011

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