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Vertebral Axial Asymmetry in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

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Abstract

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Objectives

To investigate parameters of axial vertebral deformation in patients with scoliosis compared to a control group, and to determine whether these parameters correlated with the severity of spine curvature, measured as the Cobb angle.

Summary of Background Data

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spinal deformity. Many studies have investigated vertebral deformation, in terms of wedging and pedicle deformations, but few studies have investigated actual structural changes within vertebrae.

Methods

This study included 20 patients with AIS (Lenke 1–3, mean age: 15.6 years, range: 11–20). We compared preoperative low-dose computed tomography (CT) examinations of patients with AIS to those of a control group matched for age and sex. The control individuals had no spinal deformity, but they were admitted to the emergency department for trauma CTs. We measured the Cobb angles and the axial vertebral rotation (AVR), axial vertebral body asymmetry (AVBA), and frontal vertebral body rotation (FVBR) for the superior end, inferior end, and apical vertebrae, with in-house—developed software. Correlations between entities were investigated with the Pearson correlation test.

Results

The average Cobb angles were 49.3° and 1.3° for the scoliotic and control groups, respectively. The patient and control groups showed significant differences in the AVRs of all three vertebra levels (p < .01), the AVBAs of the superior end and apical vertebrae (p < .008), and the FVBR of the apical vertebra (p = .011). Correlations were only found between the AVBA and FVBR in the superior end vertebra (r = 0.728, p < .001) and in the apical vertebra (r = 0.713, p < .001).

Conclusions

Compared with controls, patients with scoliosis showed clear morphologic differences in the midaxial plane vertebrae. Differences in AVR, AVBA, and FVBR were most pronounced at the apical vertebra. The FVBR provided valuable additional information about the internal rotation and deformation of vertebrae.

Level of Evidence

Level III.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, 581 85, Sweden

    Ludvig Vavruch MD & Hans Tropp MD, PhD

  2. Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Ludvig Vavruch MD, Daniel Forsberg PhD, Nils Dahlström MD, PhD & Hans Tropp MD, PhD

  3. Sectra, Linköping, Sweden

    Daniel Forsberg PhD

  4. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Nils Dahlström MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Ludvig Vavruch MD
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  2. Daniel Forsberg PhD
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  3. Nils Dahlström MD, PhD
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  4. Hans Tropp MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ludvig Vavruch MD.

Additional information

LV (grants from Region Ostergoltand, Sweden, during the conduct of the study); DF (grants from VINNOVA, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Sectra, outside the submitted work; in addition, DF has a patent Automated 3-d Orthopedic Assessments pending); ND (none); HT (none).

This study was partly funded by VINNOVA (grant 2012–01213) and by Region Östergötland, Sweden.

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Vavruch, L., Forsberg, D., Dahlström, N. et al. Vertebral Axial Asymmetry in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine Deform 6, 112–121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2017.09.001

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2017.09.001

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