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Adult Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis 40° or Less: Outcomes of Surgical Treatment With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up

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Abstract

Study Design

Longitudinal cohort.

Objective

To determine the outcomes of operative treatment of adult lumbar degenerative scoliosis (ALDS) with Cobb angles of 40° or less.

Summary of Background Data

Some ALDS patients have curves less than 40°. Although these curves may not need correction, the curve may alter the treatment paradigm for associated back and leg pain, requiring fusion to achieve adequate decompression and prevent deformity progression.

Methods

We reviewed hospital records and radiographs of 105 ALDS patients with curves from 10° to 40° who had decompression and instrumented fusion. We collected Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form—36 Physical (SF36 PCS), Mental Composite Scores (MCS), and back and leg pain scores preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively.

Results

The 105 patients had a mean age of 64.0 years and body mass index of 28.8 kg/m. There were 26 smokers (23%). Preoperative symptoms included both back and leg pain in 94% (mean back pain = 7.8; mean leg pain = 7.0). Mean preoperative Cobb was 22.7° and mean lumbar lordosis was 39.8°. The most common curve apex was L2 (43%) and L3 (39%). An average of 3.0 ± 1.6 levels were decompressed and fused. Mean postoperative Cobb was 17.6° and mean lumbar lordosis was 36.5°. The ODI improved 14.9 points (48.5 vs. 33.6; p <.0001), SF36 PCS improved 6.2 points (27.9 vs. 34.1; p <.0001), and SF36 MCS improved 4.7 points (40.5 vs. 45.1; p <.0001). Back (7.8 vs. 4.1; p <.0001) and leg pain (7.0 vs. 3.1; p <.0001) also improved at 2-year follow-up compared with baseline.

Conclusions

Many ALDS patients present with problems associated with lumbar degenerative disease rather than severe deformity, and may require decompression for leg pain or neurogenic claudication. Even in patients with limited back pain, fusion is often needed, because decompression alone may result in either inadequate decompression or progression of the deformity. Results of this study indicate that ALDS patients with curves less than 40° benefit from decompression and fusion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norton Leatherman Spine Center, 210 E. Gray Street, Suite 900, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Justin J. Park MD, Leah Y. Carreon MD, MSc & Steven D. Glassman MD

Authors
  1. Justin J. Park MD
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  2. Leah Y. Carreon MD, MSc
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  3. Steven D. Glassman MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leah Y. Carreon MD, MSc.

Additional information

Author disclosures: JJP (none); LYC (employment with Norton Healthcare; grants from Norton Healthcare; travel/accommodations/meeting expenses from National Institutes of Health, University of Louisville IRB, Department of Defense, Association for Collaborative Spine Research; honoraria for review panel participation from the Nations Institutes of Health); SDG (former board member for Medtronic Corporate Advisory Board; former consultant for Medtronic; employment with Norton Healthcare; grants from Norton Healthcare; patents from Medtronic; royalties from Medtronic; travel/accommodations/meeting expenses from Orthopedic Research and Education Fund).

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Park, J.J., Carreon, L.Y. & Glassman, S.D. Adult Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis 40° or Less: Outcomes of Surgical Treatment With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Spine Deform 1, 211–216 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2013.03.003

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2013.03.003

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