Abstract
Although the use of exudates in traditional medicine has been commonly observed during ethnophar-macological surveys, few records have been made concerning the scientific merits of these products. The aim of this study was to document ethnopharmacological data and to classify exudates used as medicine by the “caboclos” river-dwellers from the Unini River of Amazonas, Brazil, on chemical analyses basis. Using an ethnographic approach, indicated plants and their respective exudates were collected, identified and incorporated into herbarium of the National Institute of Amazonian Research. To classify these exudates, plant material was extracted using methanol, and obtained extracts were analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and mass spectrometry aiming identification of main compounds. Fifteen exudates were indicated by “caboclos” river-dwellers as home remedies; among their therapeutic uses, inflammatory processes, culture-bound syndromes and respiratory diseases are most prominent. Based on their solubility and chemicals classes, fifteen exudates were classified into: latex (7), resins (5), sap (1), gum (1), oleoresin (1); and eleven of them have not been mentioned on pharmacological literature until this moment. The obtained results may contribute to chemical/pharmacological application of exudates from these species, several of which have been classically used in Brazilian folk medicine.
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Acknowledgments
Financial and structural support was provided by CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP/Programa BIOTA and Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa. Authors would like to thank the inhabitants of the Unini River for their contributions to this work. We also thank Vitoria Amazônica Foundation, Unini River Extractive Reserve and Jau National Park, for providing initial contacts with the community and logistical support. We would like to acknowledge the plant taxonomy technician, Mr. Jose Ramos, at the National Institute for Amazonian Research, who identified vegetable materials corresponding to exudates. We also thank two anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions in improving this paper.
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ER has idealized, oriented, collected some of the exudates, and coordinated the study. JHGL was responsible for chemical analysis. JFLS performed part of the fieldwork and data collection. JT, PBY e FC contributed to discussions, map elaboration, review, format-ting and standardization of manuscript. All authors have read final manuscript and they have approved submission.
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Lago, J.H.G., Tezoto, J., Yazbek, P.B. et al. Exudates used as medicine by the “caboclos river-dwellers” of the Unini River, AM, Brazil - classification based in their chemical composition. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 26, 379–384 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.001
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.001