Abstract
Species of the genus Cordia, Boraginaceae, are widely studied with regard to the various ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological aspects. They are found principally in tropical and subtropical regions of the American, Asian and African continents, where they occur in various countries. In the genus Cordia, there are many species cultivated for ornamental plants, wood and medicinal applications, where they are extensively utilized by traditional communities. In the last decades, scientific studies of Cordia species have intensified, demonstrating the great interest in phytochemical, biological and pharmacological studies. In this review, we describe the principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information and evaluation of the bioactive and pharmacological properties of Cordia, its phytochemical constituents and the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified. The information reported in this work contributes scientifically to recognizing the importance of the genus Cordia as a target in the search for new biotechnological investments.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Akhtar, A.H., Ahmad, K.U., 1995. Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the methanolic extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 46, 1–6.
Akisue, M.K., Oliveira, F., Moraes, M., Akisue, G., Mancini, B., 1983. Caracterização far- macognóstica da droga e da tintura de Cordia verbenacea A. DC. - Boraginaceae. Rev. Cien. Farm. 5, 69–82.
Al-Musayeib, N., Perveen, S., Fatima, I., Nasir, M., Hussain, A., 2011. Antioxidant, anti- glycation and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic constituents from Cordia sinensis. Molecules 16, 10214–10226.
Alves, R., Stehmann, J., Isaías, R., Brandão, M., 2004. Caracterização botânica e química de Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae). Rev. Bras. Farma- cogn. 14, 49–56.
Araque, O., Jaimez, R.E., Azocar, C., Espinoza, W., Tezara, W., 2009. Relaciones entre anatomia foliar, intercambio de gases y crecimiento en juveniles de cuatro especies forestales. Interciencia 34, 725–729.
Arrebola, M., Peterlin, M., Bastos, D., Rodrigues, R.d.O., Carvalho, P.d.O., 2004. Estudo dos componentes lipidícos das sementes de três espécies do gênero Cordia L. (Boraginaceae). Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 14, 57–65.
Barroso, I.C.E., Oliveira, F.d., 2009. Pharmacognostic diagnosis of fruits of Cordia sell-owiana Cham, and Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae Jusssieu). Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 19, 458–470.
Barroso, I.C.E., Oliveira, F.d., Ciarelli, D.M., 2009. Morphology of the dispersion unit nd germination of Cordia sellowiana cham. and Cordia myxa 1. Bragantia 68, 241–249.
Bawa, K.S., 1974. Breeding systems of tree species of a lowland tropical community. Evolution 28, 85–92.
Bayeux, M., Fernandes, A., Foglio, M., Carvalho, J., 2002. Evaluation of the antiede- matogenic activity of artemetin isolated from Cordia curassavica DC. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 35, 1229–1232.
Bhattacharya, P., Saha, A., 2013. Evaluation of reversible contraceptive potential of Cordia dichotoma leaves extract. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 23, 342–350.
Biavatti, M.W., Marensi, V., Leite, S.N., Reis, A., 2007. Ethnopharmacognostic survey on botanical compendia for potential cosmeceutic species from Atlantic Forest. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 17, 640–653.
Boshier, D.H., 1995. Incompatibility in Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree. Can. J. Bot. 73, 445–456.
Caparroz-Assef, S.M., Grespan, R., Batista, R.C.F., Bersani-Amado, F.A., Baroni, S., Dantas, J.A., Cuman, R.K.N., Bersani-Amado, C.A., 2008. Toxicity studies of Cordia salicifolia extract. Acta Sci. Health Sci. 27, 41–44.
Cardozo, S., Bona, L., Barboza, L., Andreolla, H., Boeck, R., Vieira, V., Frantz, M., Morisso, F., Coitinho, A., Tavares, R., 2008. Atividade hipolipidêmica do extrato de Cordia salicifolia em camundongos submetidos a dieta hiperlipidêmica. Rev. AMRIGS 52, 182–186.
Carvalho, C., Marchini, L.C., 1999. Plantas visitadas por Apis mellifera L. no vale do rio Paraguaçu, Município de Castro Alves, Bahia. Rev. Bras. Bot. 22, 333–338.
Carvalho-Júnior, P., Rodrigues, R., Sawaya, A., Marques, M., Shimizu, M., 2004. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea.]. Ethnopharmacol. 95, 297–301.
Corrêa, M.P., 1984. Dicionário de plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas, Dicionário de plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas. Imprensa Nacional Brasília.
Costa, J.F.O., David, J.P., David, J.M., Giulietti, A.M., Queiroz, L.P., Santos, R.R., Soares, M.B.P., 2008. Immunomodulatory activity of extracts from Cordia superba Cham. and Cordia rufescens A. DC (Boraginaceae), plant species native from Brazilian Semi-arid. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 18, 11–15.
de Souza, M.F., Manganotti, S.A., Souza, P.N.S., Meira, M.R., de Matos, C.d.C, Martins, E.R., 2011. Influência do horário de coleta, orientação geográfica e dossel na produção de óleo essencial de Cordia verbenacea DC. Rev. Biotemas 24, 9–14.
Derero, A., Gailing, O., Finkeldey, R., 2011. Maintenance of genetic diversity in Cordia africana Lam., a declining forest tree species in Ethiopia. Tree Genet. Genomes 7, 1–9.
Dini, I., Schettino, O., Simioli, T., Dini, A., 2001. Studies on the constituents of Chenopodium quinoa seeds: isolation and characterization of new triterpene saponins. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 49, 741–746.
Douglas, M.H., van Klink, J.W., Smallfield, B.M., Perry, N.B., Anderson, R.E., Johnstone, P., Weavers, R.T., 2004. Essential oils from New Zealand manuka: triketone and other chemotypes of Leptospermum scoparium. Phytochemistry 65, 1255–1264.
Duhan, A., Chauhan, B., Punia, D., 1992. Nutritional value of some non-conventional plant foods of India. Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr. 42, 193–200.
El-Sayed, N.K., Abdel-Khalek, L.R., Gaafar, K.M., Hanafy, L.K., 1998. Profiles of serum proteins and free amino acids associated with chloroquine retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 76, 422–430.
Fernandes, E.S., Passos, G.F., Medeiros, R., da Cunha, F.M., Ferreira, J., Campos, M.M., Pianowski, L.F., Calixto, J.B., 2007. Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 569, 228–236.
Ficarra, R., Ficarra, P., Tommasini, S., Calabro, M.L., Ragusa, S., Barbera, R., Rapisarda, A., 1995. Leaf extracts of some Cordia species: analgesic and antiinflammatory activities as well as their chromatographic analysis. Farmaco 50, 245–256.
Firdous, S., Khan, K., Zikr-Ur-Rehman, S., Ali, Z., Soomro, S., Ahmad, V.U., Rasheed, M., Mesaik, M.A., Faizi, S., 2014. Isolation of phytochemicals from Cordia rothii (Boraginaceae) and evaluation of their immunomodulatory properties. Rec. Nat. Prod. 8, 51–55.
Freitas, M.L.M., Sebbenn, A.M., Morais, E., Zanatto, A.C.S., Verardi, C.K., Pinheiro, A.N., 2006. Parâmetros genéticos em progênies de polinização aberta de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) ex Steud. Genetic parameters in open-pollinated families of Cordia tríchotoma (Vell.) ex Steud. Rev. Inst. Flor 18, 95–102.
Freitas, A.M.M., Melo, J.I.M., Queiroz, L.P., 2008. Boraginaceae A. Juss. do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil. Iheringia. Série botânica 63, 257–262.
Garcia, A.E., Abadia, B., Barahona, R., Sánchez, S., 2009. Caracterización fitoquímica de factores Antinutricionales en las hojas de uvito (Cordia dentata Poir). Revista MVZ Córdoba 14, 1–5.
Gibbs, P., Taroda, N., 1983. Heterostyly in the Cordia allíodora-Cordia trichotoma complex in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Bot. 6, 1–10.
Guil-Guerrero, J., Garcia-Maroto, F., Vilches-Ferrón, M., López-Alonso, D., 2003. Gamma-linolenic acid from fourteen Boraginaceae species. Ind. Crops Prod. 18, 85–89.
Hussain, N., Kakoti, B., 2013. Review on ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of Cordia dichotoma. J. Drug. Deli. Ther. 3, 110–113.
Ioset, J.R., Marston, A., Gupta, M.P., Hostettmann, K., 2000. Antifungal and larvicidal compounds from the root bark of Cordia alliodora. J. Nat. Prod. 63, 424–426.
Izzo, T.J., PetInI-Benell I., A., 2011. Relação entre diferentes espécies de formigas ea mirmecófita Cordia nodosa L (Boraginaceae) em áreas de mata ripária na Amazônia mato-grossense. Acta. Amaz. 41, 355–360.
Jamkhande, P.G., Barde, S.R., Patwekar, S.L., Tidke, P.S., 2013. Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cordia dichotoma (Indian cherry): a review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 3, 1009–1012.
Knaak, N., Tagliari, M.S., Machado, V., Fiuza, L.M., 2012. Atividade Inseticida de Extratos de Plantas Medicinais sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepi-doptera: Noctuidae). BioAssay 7, 1–6.
Kuroyanagi, M., Seki, T., Hayashi, T., Nagashima, Y., Kawahara, N., Sekita, S., Satake, M., 2001. Anti-androgenic triterpenoids from the Brazilian medicinal plant, Cor-día multispicata. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49, 954–957.
Lago, J.H., Soares, M.G., Batista-Pereira, L.G., Silva, M.F., Correa, A.G., Fernandes, J.B., Vieira, P.C., Roque, N.F., 2006. Volatile oil from Guarea macrophyiia ssp. tuber-culata: seasonal variation and electroantennographic detection by Hypsipyla grandella. Phytochemistry 67, 589–594.
Lameira, O.A., Pinto, J.E.B.P., Arrigoni-Blank, M.d.F., Cardoso, M.d.G., 1997. Effects of phenolic compounds, activated charcoal and physical media on nodal segment development of Cordia verbenacea L. Cienc. Rural 27, 189–192.
Machado, I.C., Loiola, M.I., 2000. Fly pollination and pollinator sharing in two synchronopatric species: Cordia multíspícata (Boraginaceae) and Borreria alata (Rubiaceae). Rev. Bras. Bot. 23, 305–311.
Machado, I.C., Lopes, A.V., Sazima, M., 2010. Contrasting bee pollination in two co-occurring distylic species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) in the Brazilian semi-arid Caatinga: generalist in C. globosa vs. specialist in C. leucocephala. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82, 881–891.
Marston, A., Potterat, O., Hostettmann, K., 1988. Isolation of biologically active plant constituents by liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 450, 3–11.
Matias, E., Santos, K.K., Costa, J.G.M., Coutinho, H.D., 2010a. Light-enhanced antibiotic activity of Brazilian medical plants (Croton campestris A, Ocimum gratíssímum L and Cordia verbenaceae DC). Asian Biomed., 4.
Matias, E.F.F., Santos, K.K., Almeida, T.S., Costa, J.G.M., Coutinho, H.D.M., 2010b. Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de Croton campestris A., Ocimum gratissimum L. e Cordia verbenacea DC. Rev. Bras. Biocienc. 8, 294–298.
Matias, E.F.F., Santos, K.K., Costa, J.G., Coutinho, H.D., 2010c. Screening for in vitro phototoxic activity of methanol extracts of Croton campestris A., Ocimum gratíssímum L & Cordia verbenaceae DC. Indian J. Med. Res. 132, 520–522.
Matias, E.F.F., Santos, K.K.A, Costa, J.G.M., Coutinho, H.D., 2010d. Light-enhanced antibiotic activity of Brazilian medical plants (Croton campestris A, Ocimum gratissimum L and Cordia verbenaceae DC). Asian Biomed. 4, 183–186.
Matias, E., Santos, K.K., Falcão-Silva, V.S., Siqueira-Júnior, J.P., Costa, J.G., Coutinho, H.D., 2013a. Modulation of the norfloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Cordia verbenaceae DC. Indian J. Med. Res. 137, 178–182.
Matias, E.F.F., Alves, E.F., Santos, B.S., Sobral-Souza, C.E., Ferreira, J.V.A., Lavor, A.K.S., Figueredo, F.G., Lima, L.F., Santos, F.A.V., Peixoto, F.S.N., Colares, A.V., Boligon, A.A., Aquino, R.S., Athayde, M.X., Rocha, J.B., Menezes, I.R.A., Coutinho, H.D.M., Costa, J.G.M., 2013b. Biological activities and chemical characterization of Cordía verbenacea DC. as tool to validate the ethnobiological usage. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 1–6.
Matias, E.F.F., Santos, K.K.A., Falcão-Silva, V.S., Siqueira-Júnior, J.P., Costa, J.G., Coutinho, H.D., 2013c. Modulation of the norfloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Cordia verbenaceae DC. Indian J. Med. Res. 137, 178–182.
Medeiros, R., Passos, G., Vitor, C., Koepp, J., Mazzuco, T., Pianowski, L., Campos, M., Calixto, J., 2007. Effect of two active compounds obtained from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS in the rat paw. Br. J. Pharmacol. 151, 618–627.
Melo, J.I.M., Andrade, W.M., 2007. Boraginaceae sl A. Juss. em uma área de Caatinga da ESEC Raso da Catarina, BA, Brasil. Acta Bot. Bras. 21, 369–378.
Mendonça, E.A.F., Ramos, N.P., Paula, R., 2001. Viabilidade de sementes de Cordia trichotoma (Vellozo) Arrabida ex Steudel (louro-pardo) pelo teste de tetrazólio. Rev. Bras. Sementes 23, 64–71.
Menezes, J.E., Lemos, T.L., Silveira, E.R., Braz-Filho, R., Pessoa, O.D., 2001. Trichotomol, a new cadinenediol from Cordia trichotoma. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 12, 787–790.
Milet-Pinheiro, P., Schlindwein, C., 2010. Mutual reproductive dependence of distylic Cordia leucocephala (Cordiaceae) and oligolectic Ceblurgus longipalpis (Halicti-dae, Rophitinae) in the Caatinga. Ann. Bot. 106, 17–27.
Miralles, J., Noba, I.C., Bassene, E., 1989. Chemotaxonomy of the boraginaceae acid and sterol composition of the leaves of some species belonging to the genera Cordia and Heliotropium. Herb. Hung. 28, 7–12.
Mukherjee, B., Dinda, S.C., Barik, B.B., 2008. Gum Cordia: a novel matrix forming material for enteric resistant and sustained drug delivery - a technical note. AAPS Pharmscitech. 9, 330–333.
Nariya, P.B., Bhalodia, N.R., Shukla, V., Acharya, R., 2011. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Cordia dichotoma (Forster F.) bark extracts. Ayu 32, 585.
Novais, T., Costa, J., David, J., David, J., Queiroz, L., França, F., Giulietti, A., Soares, M., Santos, R., 2003. Atividade antibacteriana em alguns extratos de vegetais do semi-árido brasileiro. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 13, 5–8.
Oliveira, F.M., Diniz, J.C., Viana, F.A., Rocha, S.A.S., da Silva Junior, H.M., 2012a. Quantificação por CLAE de naftoquinonas do extrato das raízes de Cordia leucocephala Moric. HOLOS 1, 41–48.
Oliveira, F.M., Diniz, J.C., Viana, F.A., Rocha, S.A.S., da Silva Junior, H.M., 2012b. Quantificação por CLAE de naftoquinonas do extrato de raízes de Cordia leucocephala Moric. HOLOS 1, 41–48.
Opler, P.A., Baker, H.G., Frankie, G.W., 1975. Reproductive biology of some Costa Rican Cordia species (Boraginaceae). Biotropica 7, 234–247.
Panghal, M., Kaushal, V., Yadav, J.P., 2011a. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical isolates of oral cancer cases. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 10, 21.
Panghal, M., Kaushal, V., Yadav, J.P., 2011b. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical isolates of oral cancer cases. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 10, 1–11.
Paulino, R.d.C., Henriques, G.P.d.SA, Neto, H.d.S.L, Coelho, M.d.F.B., Dombroski, J.L.D., de Araújo Lopes, C.P., 2011a. Influência do substrato na propagação por estaquia de Cordia globosa. Cad. Agro. 16, 1–5.
Paulino, R.d.C., Henriques, G.P.d.S.A., Neto, H.d.S.L., Coelho, M.d.F.B., Dombroski, J.L.D., Lopes, C.P.d.A., 2011b. Influência do substrato na propagação por estaquia de Cordia globosa. Cad. Agro. 6, 1–5.
Paulino, R.d.C., Henriques, G.P.d.S.A, Coelho, M.d.F.B., Neto, H.d.S.L, Dombroski, J.L.D., 2012. Diferentes substratos na propagação por estaquia de Cordia globosa e Cordia leucocephala. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 6, 274–278.
Pimentel, S.P., Barrella, G.E., Casarin, R.C.V., Cirano, F.R., Casati, M.Z., Foglio, M.A., Figueira, G.M., Ribeiro, F.V., 2012. Protective effect of topical Cordia verbenacea in a rat periodontitis model: immune-inflammatory, antibacterial and morpho-metric assays. BMC Complement. Altera Med. 12, 224.
Pinhol, L.d., Macedo, P.N.S.S., Ernane, E.A., Sobrinho, A.C., Martins, R., 2012. Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroalcoolicos das folhas de alecrim-pimenta, aroeira, barbatimão, erva baleeira e do farelo da casca de pequi. Cienc. Rural 42, 326–331.
Qu, Q.H., Zhang, L., Bao, H., Zhang, J.H., You, X.J., Wang, J.X., 2011. Chemical constituents of flavonoids from flowers of Koelreuteria paniculata. Zhong Yao Cai=Zhongyaocai=J Chin. Med. Mater. 34, 1716–1719.
Rimando, A.M., Inoshiri, S., Otsuka, H., Kohda, H., Yamasaki, K., Padolina, W.G., Torres, L., Quintana, E.G., Cantoria, M.C., 1987. Screening for mast cell histamine release inhibitory activity of Philippine medicinal plants: active constituent of Ehretia microphylia. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 41, 242–247.
Rodrigues, F.F., Oliveira, L.G., Rodrigues, F.F., Saraiva, M.E., Almeida, S.C., Cabral, M.E., Campos, A.R., Costa, J.G., 2012. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oil from Cordia verbenacea DC leaves. Pharmacogn. Res. 4, 161–165.
Rosa, D.D., Basseto, M.A., Feliciano, F., Neves, M.B., Baldin, E.X., 2008. Occurrence of Dictyla monotropidia Stål (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Cordia verbenacea Al. DC in Brazil. Neotrop. Entomol. 37, 236–238.
Salazar-Aranda, R., Pérez-Lopez, L.A., Lopez-Arroyo, J., Alanís-Garza, B.A., Waksman de Torres, N., 2011. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plants from northeast of Mexico. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 1–6.
Santiago, G., Viana, F., Pessoa, O., Santos, R., Pouliquen, Y., Arriaga, A., Andrade-Neto, M., Braz-Filho, R., 2005. Avaliação da atividade larvicida de saponinas triter-pênicas isoladas de Pentaciethra macroioba (Willd.) Kuntze (Fabaceae) e Cordia piauhiensis Fresen (Boraginaceae) sobre Aedes aegypti. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 15, 187–190.
Sartorelli, P., Marquioreto, A.D., Amaral-Baroli, A., Lima, M.E., Moreno, P.R., 2007. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Eucalyptus. Phytother. Res. 21, 231–233.
Scheeren, L.W., Schneider, P.S.P., Schneider, P.R., Finger, C.A.G., 2002. Crescimento do louro-pardo, Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud., na Depressão Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Ciência Florestal 12, 169–176.
Sertie, J.A., Basile, A.C., Panizza, S., Oshiro, T.T., Azzolini, C.P., Penna, S.C., 1991. Pharmacological assay of Cordia verbenacea. III: Oral and topical antiinflammatory activity and gastrotoxicity of a crude leaf extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 31, 239–247.
Sertié, J.A., Basile, A.C., Panizza, S., Matida, A.X., Zelnik, R., 1990. Anti-inflammatory activity and sub-acute toxicity of artemetin. Planta Med. 56, 36–40.
Sharma, V.K., Asati, D.P., 2010. Pediatric contact dermatitis. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 76, 514–520.
Silva, S.A.S.d., Agra, M.d.F., Tavares, J.F., Cunha, E.V., Barbosa-Filho, J.M., Silva, M.S.d., 2010. Flavanones from aerial parts of Cordia globosa (Jacq.) Kunth, Boraginaceae. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 20, 682–685.
Silva Filho, A., Correa Lima, R., Do Nascimento, S., Silva, E., 1993. Biological activity of cordiaquinones A and B, isolated from Cordia corymbosa. Fitoterapia 64, 78–78.
Siqueira, V.L.D., Cortez, D.A.G., Oliveira, C.E.d., Nakamura, C.V., Bazotte, R.B., 2006. Pharmacological studies of Cordia salicifolia Cham in normal and diabetic rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 49, 215–218.
Souza, L.A., 2008. Morphology and Anatomy of the Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex IM Johnst diaspore (Boraginaceae). Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 51, 761–768.
Sylvestre, M., Pichette, A., Longtin, A., Nagau, F., Legault, J., 2006. Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Cordia trichotoma from Guadeloupe. J. Ethnopharmacol. 103, 99–102.
Ticli, F.K., Hage, L.I., Cambraia, R.S., Pereira, P.S., Magro, Â.J., Fontes, M.R., Stábeli, R.G., Giglio, J.R., França, S.C., Soares, A.M., 2005. Rosmarinic acid, a new snake venom phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Cordia verbenacea (Boraginaceae): antiserum action potentiation and molecular interaction. Toxicon 46, 318–327.
Tiwari, S.S., Srivastava, S.C., 1967. Possible antifertility compounds. IV. Diphenylnaphtho[l, 2-b]- and diphenylnaphtho[2, l-b]furans. J. Med. Chem. 10, 983–984.
Velde, V.V., Lavie, D., Zelnik, R., Matida, A.X., Panizza, S., 1982. Cordialin A and B, two new triterpenes from Cordia verbenacea DC. J. Chem. Soc. 10, 2697–2700.
Wassel, G., el-Menshawi, B., Saeed, A., Mahran, G., el-Merzabani, M., 1987. Screening of selected plants for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and antitumor activity. Die Pharmazie 42, 709.
Xiao, M., Cao, N., Fan, J.J., Shen, Y., Xu, Q., 2011. Studies on flavonoids from the leaves of Lindera aggregata. Zhong Yao Cai=Zhongyaocai=J. Chin. Med. Mater. 34, 62–64.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support and cooperation received from RENORBIO/UECE, Universidade Regional do Cariri, CE, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Laboratorio de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular. The work was developed with financial and technical support of the FALS and FUNCAP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
EEFM, EFA, MKNS and VRAC collected the reports about the botanical, ethno and pharmacological aspects of this genus; HDMCand JGMC supervised the work, drawn the chemical structures and revised all text.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Matias, E.F.F., Alves, E.F., do Nascimento Silva, M.K. et al. The genus Cordia: botanists, ethno, chemical and pharmacological aspects. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 25, 542–552 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.05.012
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.05.012