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Vortex Flow Pattern in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold with Argon Gas Injection

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Abstract

An Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model was developed to study the vortex flow inside a slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection. Interfacial momentum transfer that accommodated various interfacial forces including drag force, lift force, virtual mass force, and turbulent dispersion force was considered. Predicted results agree well with experimental measurements of the water model in two-phase flow pattern and vortex flow structures. Three typical flow patterns with different argon steel ratios (ASRs) have been obtained: “double roll”, “three roll”, and “single roll”. The flow pattern inside the mold alternates among the three types or it may attain some intermediate condition. With increasing ASR, the positions of vortices move from the submerged entry nozzle to the narrow face of the mold, and the sizes of vortices are reduced gradually. The rotating directions of vortices are all from high velocity area to low velocity area. Two mechanisms of vortex formation on the top surface have been suggested, i. e., congruous shear flow and incongruous shear flow.

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Abbreviations

C1, C2:

Empirical constants

CD:

Drag force coefficient

CL:

Lift force coefficient

CT:

Turbulent dispersion force coefficient

CVM:

Virtual mass force coefficient

db:

Bubble diameter, m

Fr:

Froude number

Frm:

Modified Froude number

fg:

Gas volume fraction

f1:

Liquid volume fraction

g:

Acceleration of gravity, m/s2

k:

Turbulent kinetic energy, m2/s2

L:

Characteristic length, m

M1,g:

Total interfacial force of liquid phase acting on gas phase, N/m3

Mg,1:

Total interfacial force of gas phase acting on liquid phase , N/m3

MD:

Drag force, N/m3

ML:

Lift force, N/m3

MVM:

Virtual mass force, N/m3

MT:

Turbulent dispersion force, N/m3

ρ:

Static pressure, N/m2

Q:

Fluid flow rate, m3/s

Reg:

Bubble Reynolds number

t:

Time, s

U:

Velocity, m/s

V:

Volume, m3

υg:

Velocity of gas phase, m/s

υ1:

Velocity of liquid phase, m/s

ρg:

Density of gas phase, kg/m3

ρ1:

Density of liquid phase, kg/m3

μg:

Molecular viscosity of gas phase, m2/s

μ1:

Molecular viscosity of liquid phase, m2/s

μt:

Turbulent viscosity, m2/s

ℰ:

Turbulent kinetic dissipation, m2/s3

σk, σℰ:

Empirical constants; Subscript

xi, xj:

x, y, or z direction

g:

Gas phase

1:

Liquid phase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Zhong-qiu Liu (Doctor Candidate), Feng-sheng Qi, Bao-kuan Li & Mao-fa Jiang

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  1. Zhong-qiu Liu
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  2. Feng-sheng Qi
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  3. Bao-kuan Li
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  4. Mao-fa Jiang
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Correspondence to Zhong-qiu Liu.

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Foundation Item: Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51210007, 51004029)

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Liu, Zq., Qi, Fs., Li, Bk. et al. Vortex Flow Pattern in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold with Argon Gas Injection. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 21, 1081–1089 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(14)60187-4

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