Fluidity and Temperature Profile of Ductile Iron in Thin Sections

Abstract

It has been shown that it is possible to produce thin wall ductile iron (TWDI) castings of considerable length using an Archimedes spirals with a wall of 1, 2 or 3 mm in thickness. The fluidities for different moulding materials [(classical mould, chemically bonded silica sand and chemically bonded low-density alumina-silicate ceramic sand (LDASC)], chemical composition, and pouring temperature were estimated. There is a significant temperature drop in thin sections (contrary to typical sections) during the mould filling. A profile of real temperature drop is presented along with theoretical predictions. The high temperature drop of liquid iron results in an increased cooling rate (before the eutectic equilibrium solidification temperature), which in turn affects the solidification and micro-structure of TWDI castings. Microstructures were characterized quantitatively using an image analyser. Structure parameters for different wall thicknesses and moulding materials (graphite nodule count, ferrite and cementite fraction) are plotted, which is versus distance from the entrance to the mould cavity. It has been shown that the thin wall castings have a gradient structure. Moreover, a strong influence of LDASC sand (material with low ability to absorb the heat) on the structure parameters of TWDI castings is presented.