Skip to main content
Log in

Thickness-Shear and Thickness-Twist Vibrations of Circular AT-Cut Quartz Resonators

  • Published:
Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Exact solutions for free vibration frequencies and modes are obtained for thickness-shear and thickness-twist vibrations of unelectroded circular AT-cut quartz plates governed by the two-dimensional scalar differential equation derived by Tiersten and Smythe. Comparisons are made with experimental results and the widely-used perturbation solution by Tiersten and Smythe under the assumption of weak in-plane anisotropy. Our solution is found to be much closer to the experimental results than the perturbation solution. For the frequency of the fundamental thickness-shear mode, the error of the perturbation method is 0.4549%, significant in resonator applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Koga, I., Thickness vibrations of piezoelectric oscillating crystals. Physics, 1932, 3(2): 70–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tiersten, H.F., Thickness vibrations of piezoelectric plates. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1963, 35(1): 53–58.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Mindlin, R.D., High frequency vibrations of crystal plates. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 1961, 19(1): 51–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tiersten, H.F. and Mindlin, R.D., Forced vibrations of piezoelectric crystal plates. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 1962, 20(2): 107–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mindlin, R.D., High frequency vibrations of piezoelectric crystal plates. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1972, 8(7): 895–906.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mindlin, R.D. and Lee, P.C.Y., Thickness-shear and flexural vibrations of partially plated, crystal plates. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1966, 2(1): 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, J. and Zhao, W.H., The determination of the optimal length of crystal blanks in quartz crystal resonators. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2005, 52(11): 2023–2030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang, J., Zhao, W.H. and Du, J.K., The determination of electrical parameters of quartz crystal resonators with the consideration of dissipation. Ultrasonics, 2006, 44(Suppl.1): E869–E873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang, C.L., Chen, W.Q. and Yang, J.S., Electrically forced vibration of a rectangular piezoelectric plate of monoclinic crystals. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and mechanics, 2009, 31(4): 207–218.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wang, J.N., Hu, Y.T. and Yang, J.S., Frequency spectra of at-cut quartz plates with electrodes of unequal thickness. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2010, 57(5): 1146–1151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, G.J., Wu, R.X., Wang, J., Du, J.K. and Yang, J.S., Five-mode frequency spectra of x3-dependent modes in AT-cut quartz resonators. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2012, 59(4): 811–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, J. and Yang, J.S., Higher-order theories of piezoelectric plates and applications. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2000, 53(4): 87–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tiersten, H.F. and Smythe, R.C., Coupled thickness-shear and thickness-twist vibrations of unelectroded AT-cut quartz plates. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1985, 78(5): 1684–1689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Stevens, D.S. and Tiersten, H.F., An analysis of doubly rotated quartz resonators utilizing essentially thickness modes with transverse variation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 79(6): 1811–1826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. EerNisse, E.P., Analysis of thickness modes of contoured, doubly rotated, quartz resonators. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2001, 48(5): 1351–1361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tiersten, H.F. and Smythe, R.C., An analysis of contoured crystal resonators operating in overtones of coupled thickness shear and thickness twist. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1979, 65(6): 1455–1460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stevens, D.S., Tiersten, H.F. and Sinha, B.K., Temperature dependence of the resonance frequency of electroded contoured AT-cut quartz crystal resonators. Journal of Applied Physics, 1983, 54(4): 1704–1716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Tiersten, H.F. and Shick, D.V., On the normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators rigidly supported along rectangular edges. Journal of Applied Physics, 1990, 67(1): 60–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tiersten, H.F. and Zhou, Y.S., On the normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators with the mode shape displaced with respect to rectangular supports. Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, 69(5): 2862–2970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tiersten, H.F. and Zhou, Y.S., On the normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators stiffened by quartz cover plates supported by clips. Journal of Applied Physics, 1992, 72(4): 1244–1254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tiersten, H.F. and Zhou, Y.S., On the in-plane acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators supported along rectangular edges. Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, 70(9): 4708–4714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tiersten, H.F. and Zhou, Y.S., The increase in the in-plane acceleration sensitivity of the plano-convex resonator resulting from its thickness asymmetry. Journal of Applied Physics, 1992, 71(10): 4684–4692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhou, Y.S. and Tiersten, H.F., In-plane acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators stiffened by quartz cover plates supported by clips. Journal of Applied Physics, 1993, 74(12): 7067–7077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tiersten, H.F. and Zhou, Y.S., Transversely varying thickness modes in quartz resonators with beveled cylindrical edges. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994, 76(11): 7201–7208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang, J.S. and Tiersten, H.F., An analysis of contoured quartz resonators with beveled cylindrical edges. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium 1995, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995: 727–739.

  26. Yang, J.S. and Tiersten, H.F., The influence of the free edge on the vibration characteristics of a contoured, beveled cylindrical quartz resonator. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium 1996, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996: 657–664.

  27. Huang, L.D., Tiersten, H.F. and Yang, J.S., An analysis of contoured quartz resonator with beveled cylindrical edges using the correct variation of thickness. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium 1997, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997: 668–676.

  28. Yang, J.S., An analysis of partially electroded, contoured quartz resonators with beveled cylindrical edges. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2007, 54(11): 2407–2409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. McLachlan, N.W., Theory and Application of Mathieu Functions. Oxford: Oxford Press, 1951.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Tiersten, H.F., Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations. New York: Plenum, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiashi Yang.

Additional information

The work was supported by the Phase III Construction of the ‘985’ Project of Sun Yat-Sen University. We acknowledge the support of the Introduction of Innovative R&D Team Project of Guangdong Province. We also acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2011A060901013) and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (No. 2011Y1-00029). And this work was also supported by the Industry-Universities-Research Cooperation Project of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China (No. 2011A090200123). Additional support from the US Army Research Laboratory/US Army Research Office under agreement number W911NF-10-1-0293 is also acknowledged.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

He, H., Yang, J. & Jiang, Q. Thickness-Shear and Thickness-Twist Vibrations of Circular AT-Cut Quartz Resonators. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 26, 245–254 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(13)60023-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(13)60023-3

Key Words

Navigation