Abstract
Nano-CaCO3 incorporated polystyrene composites are compounded by twin-screw extrusion. Tensile and compact tensile tests show that the strength and toughness of polystyrene are decreased after the addition of nano-CaCO3 particles. Fracture surface analysis suggests that the defects induced by interfacial debonding and nano-filler agglomerations would be the key factors responsible for the declined strength and toughness. Nevertheless, it has to be stated, if the applied stress is lower than the ultimate strength, the rigid nanoparticles would still stiffen the polymer molecules, and resist polymer chain mobility. Hence, the improved tensile modulus and creep resistance can be obtained with the increasing contents of nanoparticles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ajayan, P.M., Schadler, L.S., Braun, P.V., Nanocomposite Science and Technology. Weinheim: Wiley- VCH, 2003.
Pinnavaia, T.J., Beall, G.W., Polymer-clay Nanocomposites. New York: Wiley, 2001.
Deng, F., Zheng, Q.S., Interaction models for effective thermal and electric conductivity of carbon nanotube composites. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 2009, 22(1): 1–16.
Móczó, J., Pukánszky, B., Polymer micro and nanocomposites: structure, interactions, properties. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2008, 14(5): 535–563.
Fu, S.Y., Feng, X.Q., Lauke, B., Mai, Y.W., Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate-polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2008, 39(6): 933–961.
Tjong, S.C., Structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering: R:Reports, 2006, 53(3–4): 73–197.
Schmidt, D., Shah, D., Giannelis, E.P., New advances in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2002, 6(3): 205–212.
Phang, I.Y., Liu, T.X., Mohamed, A., Pramoda, K.P., Chen, L., Shen, L., et al., Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of nylon 12/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polymer International, 2005, 54(2): 135–176.
Krook, M., Morgan, G., Hedenqvist, M.S., Barrier and mechanical properties of injection molded montmorillonite/polyesterarnide nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 2005, 45(1): 135–141.
Tjong, S.C., Bao, S.P., Impact fracture toughness of polyamide-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites toughened with a maleated styrene/ethylene butylene/styrene elastomer. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2005, 43(5): 585–595.
Yang, J.L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., The essential work of fracture of polyamide 66 filled with TiO2 nanoparticles. Composites Science and Technology, 2005, 65(15–16): 2374–2379.
Tsai, J., Sun, C.T., Effect of platelet dispersion on the load transfer efficiency innanoclay composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, 38(7): 567–579.
Garcia, M., van Vliet, G., Jain, S., Schrauwen, B.A.G., Sarkissov, A., van Zyl, W.E., et al. Polypropylene/SiO2 nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2004, 6(2): 169–175.
Liu, L.M., Qi, Z.N., Zhu, X.G., Studies on nylon 6/clay nanocomposites by melt-interaction process. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 71(7): 1133–1138.
Cho, J.W., Paul, D.R., Nylon 6 nanocomposites by melt compounding. Polymer, 2001, 42(3): 1083–1094.
Lin, Y., Chen, H., Chan, C.M., Wu, J., High impact toughness polypropylene/CaCO3 nanocomposites and the toughening mechanism. Macromolecules, 2008, 41(23): 9204–9213.
Chan, C.M., Wu, J., Li, J.X., Cheung, Y.K., Polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Polymer, 2002, 43(10): 2981–2992.
Yang, J.L., Zhang, Z., Friedrich, K., Schlarb, A.K., Creep resistant polymer nanocomposites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2007, 28(8): 955–961.
Yang, J.L., Zhang, Z., Schlarb, A.K., Friedrich, K., On the characterization of tensile creep resistance of polyamide 66 nanocomposites. Part I: Experimental results and general discussions. Polymer, 2006, 47(8): 2794–2804.
Yang, J.L., Zhang, Z., Schlarb, A.K., Friedrich, K., On the characterization of tensile creep resistance of polyamide 66 nanocomposites. Part II: Modelling and prediction of long-term performance. Polymer, 2006, 47(19): 6745–6758.
Siengchin, S., Kocsis, J.K., Creep behavior of polystyrene/fluorohectorite micro- and nanocomposites. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2006, 27(24): 2090–2094.
Vlasveld, D.P.N., Bersee, H.E.N., Pickem, S.J., Creep and physical aging behavior of PA6 nanocomposites. Polymer, 2005, 46(26): 12539–12545.
Pukanszky, B., Voros, G., Mechanism of interfacial interactions in particulate filled composites. Composite Interfaces, 1993, 1(5): 411–427.
Reynaud, E., Jouen, T., Gauthier, C., Vigier, G., Varlett, J., Nanofillers in polymeric matrix: a study on silica reinforced PA. Polymer, 2001, 42(21):8759–8768.
Zhang, Q.X., Yu, Z.Z., Xie, X.L., Mai, Y.W., Crystallization and impact energy of polypropylene/CaCO3 nanocomposites with nonionic modifier. Polymer, 2004, 45(17): 5985–5994.
Ruan, W.H., Zhang, M.Q., Rong, M.Z., Friedrich, K., Polypropylene composites filled with in-situ grafting polymerization modified nano-silica particles. Journal of Materials Science, 2004, 39(10): 3475–3478.
Wu, D.Y., Svazas, A., Micro- and Nano-sized calcuium carbonate toughened polystyrene. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2006, 6(12): 2919–3922.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was partly sponsored by the National Key Research Program of China (No.2006CB932304), a Key International Collaboration Project (No.2008DFA51220) of the China Ministry of Science and Technology and a Key Item of the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KJCX1.YW.07).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Y., Liu, L. & Zhang, Z. Mechanical performance of nano-CaCO3 filled polystyrene composites. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 22, 555–562 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(09)60386-4
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(09)60386-4