Abstract
The single-electron capture (SEC) by dichlorocarbene dications with eight different atomic and molecular target gases, CCl 2+2 + G → CCl +2 + G+, has been studied by product ion spectroscopy and ion kinetic energy spectroscopy. The experimental data have been interpreted in the framework of a theoretical model mat describes the charge exchange process. Exothermic charge exchange is handled within the Landau-Zener model, whereas endothermic charge exchange is described by the Demkov model. The calculated data reproduce qualitatively the essential features of the experimental results: (1) the appearance of a reaction window centered at an exothermicity in the 4–4.5-eV range, (2) the lower SEC cross sections for endothermic charge exchange, (3) the wider internal energy distributions obtained for CCl +2 in the endothermic regime than in the exothermic one, which results in larger dissociation yields, (4) the excitation of molecular targets that accompany their ionization in the SEC process, and (5) the kinetic energy released on the CCl+ + Cl fragments in dissociative SEC.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Lorquet, J. C. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1994, 13 233–257.
Lifshitz, C. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1992, 118/119 315–337.
Baer, T. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1986, 64 111–202.
Forst, W. Theory of Unimolecular Reactions; Academic Press: New York, 1973.
McLafferty, F. W., Ed. Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1983.
Busch, K. L.; Glish, G. L.; McLuckey, S. A. Mass Spectrometry / Mass Spectrometry; VCH: Weinheim, 1988.
Cooks, R. G., Ed. Collision Spectroscopy; Plenum Press: New York, 1978.
Cooks, R. G.; Ast, T.; Kralj, B.; Kramer, V.; Zigon, D. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1990, 1 16–27.
Olson, R. E.; Salop, A. Phys. Rev. A 1976, 14 579–585.
Smith, D.; Adams, N. G.; Alge, E.; Villinger, H.; Lindinger, W. J. Phys. B 1980, 13 2787–2799.
Kimura, M.; Iwai, T.; Kaneko, Y.; Kobayashi, N.; Matsumoto, A.; Ohtani, S.; Okuno, K.; Takagi, S.; Tawara, H.; Tsurubushi, S. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1984, 53 2224–2232.
Taulbjerg, K. J. Phys. B 1986, 19 L367-L372.
Lee, A. R.; Wilkins, A. C. R.; Enos, C. S.; Brenton, A. G. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1994, 130 83–88.
Koslowski, H. R.; Lebius, H.; Staemmler, V.; Fink, R.; Wiesemann, K.; Huber, B. A. J. Phys. B 1991, 24 5023–5034.
Herman, Z.; Jonathan, P.; Brenton, A. G.; Beynon, J. H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 141 433–442.
Rogers, S. A.; Price, S. D.; Leone, S. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 98 280–289.
Reid, C. J.; Ballantine, J. A.; Harris, F. M. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1989, 93 23–47.
Price, S. D.; Rogers, S. A.; Leone, S. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 98 9455–9465.
Mathur, D.; Reid, C. J.; Harris, F. M. J. Phys. B 1987, 20 L577-L581.
Manning, M.; Price, S. D.; Leone, S. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99 8695–8704.
Leyh, B.; Hoxha, A. Chem. Phys. 1995, 192 65–77.
Leyh, B.; Hautot, D. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 6 1019–1029.
Proctor, C. J.; Porter, C. J.; Ast, T.; Beynon, J. H. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 1982, 41 251–263.
Langford, M. L.; Hamdam, M.; Harris, F. M. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1990, 95 243–258.
Leiter, K.; Stephan, K.; Märk, E.; Märk, T. D. Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 1984, 4 235–249.
Leiter, K.; Scheier, P.; Walder, G.; Märk, T. D. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1989, 87 209–224.
Rademann, K.; Jochims, H. W.; Baumgärtel, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89 3459–3464.
Leyh, B.; Wankenne, H. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1991, 107 453–474.
Nguyen, M. T.; Kerins, M. C.; Hegarty, A. F.; Fitzpatrick, N. J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1985, 117 295–300.
Boyd, R. K.; Beynon, J. H. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1977, 12 163–165.
Barber, M.; Elliott, R. M. 12th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics; Montreal, 1964; ASTM Committee E14.
Todd, P. J.; McLafferty, F. W. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 1981, 38 371–378.
Holmes, J. L. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1985, 20 169–183.
Lias, S. G.; Bartmess, J. E.; Liebman, J. F.; Holmes, J. L.; Levin, R. D.; Mallard, W. G. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1988, 17, Suppl. 1.
Rosenstock, H. M.; Draxl, K.; Steiner, B. W.; Herron, J. T. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1977, 6, Suppl. 1.
Beynon, J. H.; Fontaine, A. E.; Lester, G. R. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 1972, 8 341–363.
Holmes, J. L.; Osbome, A. D. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 1977, 23 189–200.
Nakamura, H. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1992, 82 243–319.
Landau, L. Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 1932, 1 88–98.
Zener, C. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 1932, 137 696–702.
Demkov, Y. N. Sov. Phys. JETP 1964, 18 138–142.
Rabalais, J. W. Principles of Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Wiley: Chichester, 1977; p 92.
Egdell, R. G.; Fragala, I. L.; Orchard, A. F. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1979, 17 267–273.
Klots, C. E. Z. Naturforsch. 1972, 27a 553–561.
Klots, C. E. J. Chem. Phys. 1973, 58 5364–5367.
Klots, C. E. J. Chem. Phys. 1976, 64 4269–4275.
Leyh-Nihant, B.; Lorquet, J. C.; McLafferty, F. W. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1990, 100 465–475.
Manneback, C. Physica 1951, 17 1001–1010.
Herzberg, G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. II. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules; Van Nostrand: New York, 1947; p 223.
Desouter-Lecomte, M.; Dehareng, D.; Leyh-Nihant, B.; Praet, M.-Th.; Lorquet, A. J.; Lorquet, J. C. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89 214–222.
Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1984, 57 59–246.
Shields, G. C.; Steiner, P. A. IV; Nelson, P. R.; Trauner, M. C.; Moran, T. F. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1987, 22 64–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Chercheur qualifié du Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leyh, B., Hautot, D. Mechanisms of single-electron capture by the dichlorocarbene dication. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 7, 266–275 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(95)00652-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(95)00652-4