Abstract
A simple flow reactor which facilitates the study and application of ion-ion and ion-molecule reactions at near atmospheric pressures is reported. Reactant ions were generated by electrospray ionization and discharge ionization methods, although any ionization sources amenable to atmospheric pressure may be used. Ions of opposite charge are generated in spatially separate ion sources and are swept into capillary inlets where the flows are merged and where reaction(s) can occur. Among the reactions investigated were the partial neutralization of multiply protonated polypeptides and proteins such as melittin, bradykinin, cytochrome c, and myoglobin by reaction with discharge-generated anions, the partial neutralization of multiply charged anions of oligodeoxyadenylic acid (d(pA)3) by reaction with discharge-generated cations, the partial neutralization of bovine A-chain insulin anions by reaction with myoglobin [M+nH]n+ ions, and the reaction of multiply protonated melittin with discharge-generated cations. The cation-anion reactions generally resulted in a shift to lower charge (higher mass-to-charge ratio) in the products’ charge state distributions and the transfer of solvent molecules to the macromolecule products. Multiply protonated melittin was detected in a less highly solvated state with the positive discharge in operation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armstrong, D. A. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 1982, 20, 75–86.
Bates, D. R. Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 1985, 20, l-40.
(a) Aberth, W. H.; Peterson, J. R. Phys. Rev. 1970, 1, 158–165; (b) Peterson, J. R.; Aberth, W. H.; Moseley, J. T.; Sheridan, J. R. Phys. Rev. A 1971, 3, 1651–1657.
(a) Dole, M.; Mack, L. L.; Hines, R. L.; Mobley, R. C.; Ferguson, L. D.; Alice, M. B. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 49, 2240–2249; (b) Mack, L. L.; Kralik, P.; Rheude, A.; Dole, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 52, 4977-4986; (c) Dole, M.; Cox, H. L. Jr.; Gieniec, J. J. Adv. Chem. Ser. 1973, 125, 73–84; (d) Teer, D.; Dole, M. J. Polym. Sci. 1975, 13, 985–995.
(a) Ferm, J. B.; Mann, M.; Meng, C. K.; Wong, S. F,; Whitehouse, C. M. Science 1989, 246, 64–71; (b) Fenn, J. B.; Mann, M.; Meng, C. K.; Wong, S. F.; Whitehouse, C. M. Mass Spectrom Rev. 1990, 9, 37–70; (c) Mann, M. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1990, 25, 575–587.
Huang, E. C.; Wachs, T.; Conboy, J. J.; Henion, J. D. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 713A-725A.
Bruins, A. P. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1991, 10, 53–77.
(a) Smith, R. D.; Loo, J. A.; Barinaga, C. J.; Edmonds, C. G.; Udseth, H. R. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1990, 1, 53–65; (b) Smith, R. D.; Loo, J. A.; Edmonds, C. G.; Barinaga, C. J.; Udseth, H. R. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 882–899; (c) Smith, R. D.; Loo, J. A.; Ogorzalek Loo, R. R.; Busman, M.; Udseth, H. R. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1991, 10, 359–451.
Chowdhury, S. K.; Katta, V.; Chait, B. T. Rapid Commun. Mass Specfrom. 1990, 4, 81–87.
Chowdhury, S. K; Katta, V.; Beavis, R. C.; Chait, B. T. J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 1990, 1, 382–388.
Katta, V.; Chowdhury, S. K.; Chait, B. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5348–5349.
(a) Jayaweera, P.; Blades, A. T.; Ikonomou, M. G,; Kebarle, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2452–2454; (b) Blades, A. T.; Jayaweera, P.; Ikonomou, M. G.; Kebarle, P. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 5900–5906; (c) Blades, A. T.; Jayaweera, P.; Ikonomou, M. G.; Kebarle, P. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 1990, 101, 325–336; (d) Ikonomou, M. G.; Blades, A. T.; Kebarle, P. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 957–967.
(a) Siu, K. W. M.; Gardner, G. J.; Berman, S. S. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 2, 69–71; (b) Siu, K. W. M.; Gardner, G. J.; Berman, S. S. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 2, 201–204; (c) Siu, K. W. M.: Gardner, G. J.; Berman, S. S. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1989, 24, 931–942; (d) Quillam, M. A.; Thomson, B. A.; Scott, G. J.; Siu, K. W. M. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1989, 3, 145–150.
Van Berkel, G. J.; McLuckey, S. A.; Glish, G. L. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1098–1109.
Bitsch, F.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C. O.; Khemiu, A.-K.; Sauvage, J.-P.; Van Dorsselaer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4023–4025.
Stults, J. T.; Marsters, J. C. Rapid Commun. Mass Specfrom. 1491, 5, 359–363.
Ogorzalek Loo, R. R.; Udseth, H. R.; Smith, R. D. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 6412–6415.
(a) Ogorzalek Loo, R. R.; Loo, J. A.; Udseth, H. R.; Fulton, J. L.; Smith, R. D. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 6, 159–165; (b) Winger, B. E.; Light-Wahl, K. J,; Smith, R. D. J. Am. Sot. Mass Spectrom., in press. 19. Smith, R. D.; Olivares, J. A.; Nguyen, N. T.; Udseth, H. R. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 436–441.
(a) Smith, R. D.: Barinaga, C. J.; Udseth, H. R. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 1948–1952; (b) Loo, J. A.; Udseth, H. R.; Smith, R. D. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 17, 411–414. 21. Barinaga, C J.; Edmonds, C. G.; Udseth, H. R.; Smith, R. D. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1989, 3, 160–164.
Loo, J. A.; Udseth, H. R.; Smith, R. D. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 2, 207–210.
Whitehouse, C. M.; Dreyer, R. N.; Yamashita, M.; Fenn, J. B. Anal, Chem. 1985, 57, 675–679.
(a) Rockwood, A. L.; Busman, M.; Udseth, H. R.; Smith, R. D. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1991, 5, 582–585; (b) Rockwood, A. L.; Busman, M.; Smith, R. D. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 1991, 111, 103–129.
Busman, M.; Rockwood, A. L.; Smith, R. D. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2397–2400.
(a) Dzidic, I.; Carroll, D. I.; Stillwell, R. N.; Horning, M. G.; Homing, E. C. Adv. Mass Spectrom. 1978, 7, 359–366; (b) Lane, D. A.; Thomson, B. A.; Lovett, A. M.; Reid, N. M. Adv. Mass Spectrom. 1980, 8, 1480–1489; (c) Harrison, A. G. Chem. Ion. Mass Spectrom. 1964, 52, 80.
(a) Searcy, J. Q.; Fenn, J. B. J. Chem. Phys. 1974, 61, 5282–5288; (b) Zook, D. R.; Grimsrud, E. P. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 6374–6379.
Katta, V.; Chowdhury, S. K.; Chait, B. T. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 174–178.
McLuckey, S. A.; Glish, G. L.; Van Berkel, G. J. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1971–1978.
(a) lkonomou, M. G.; Blades, A. T.; Kebarle, P. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1991, 2, 497–505; (b) Good, A.; Durden, D. A.; Kebarle, P. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 52, 222–229; (c) Sunner, J.; Nicol, G.; Kebarle, P. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 1300–1307; (d) Shahin, A. J. Chem. Phys. 1966, 45, 2600–2605; (e) Lau, Y. K.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1462–1469.
McLuckey, S. A.; Van Berkel, G. J.; Glish, G. L. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 3, 60–70.
McLuckey, S. A.; Glish, G. L.; Van Berkel, G. J. Proceedings of the 38th Annual ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics; Nashville, TN, 1991; 901–902.
McLuckey, S. A.; Van Berkel, G. J.; Glish, G. L. Proceedings of the 38th Annual ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics; Tucson, AZ. 1991; 1134–1135.
McLuckey, S. A.; Van Berkel, G. J.; Glish, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5668–5670.
Loo, J. A.; Ogorzalek Loo, R. R.; Light, K. J.; Edmonds, C. G.; Smith, R. D. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 81–88.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ogorzalek Loo, R.R., Udseth, H.R. & Smith, R.D. A new approach for the study of gas-phase ion-ion reactions using electrospray ionization. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 3, 695–705 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(92)87082-A
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(92)87082-A