Table 2 Overview of types and applications of various nanomaterials [8]

0D

Quantum dots and nanoparticles

Air purification, water treatment, solar cells, drug delivery, Imaging, and Self-cleaning surfaces

1D

Nanowires, carbon nanotubes (single and multi-walled nanotubes)

CO₂ capturing, water purification, batteries, solar cells, and detection of chemicals and radiation

2D

Nanosheets and nanowalls

Batteries, sensors, energy conversion, membranes, water purification, coatings, drug delivery