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Application of on-line sample preconcentration by large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking (LDIS) on straight-channel microchips

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Abstract

In this study, large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking (LDIS) which is an on-line sample preconcentration technique coupling large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump (LVSEP) with transient isotachophoresis (tITP) was applied to microchip electrophoresis (MCE) for improving both detection sensitivities and peak shapes. To realize LDIS in MCE, we investigated experimental procedures for injecting a short plug of a leading electrolyte (LE) solution into a straight microchannel without any sophisticated injector apparatus. We found that a short LE plug could be injected into a sample-filled straight-channel only by making the liquid level of the LE solution in an outlet reservoir higher than that in an inlet one. By applying a reversed-polarity voltage to the microchip, anionic analytes injected throughout the microchannel were first enriched by LVSEP, followed by tITP. Through the second preconcentration effect by tITP in LDIS, sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF) and asymmetry factor for a standard dye were improved from 878 and 0.62 to 1330 and 1.14, respectively, relative to those in conventional LVSEP. It should be noted that more viscous running buffer containing sieving polymers could be employed to the LDIS analysis, which was effective for improving the SEF and the separation efficiencies, especially for bio-polymeric compounds. Finally, LDIS was applied to the oligosaccharide and protein analyses in MCE, resulting in the SEFs of 1410 and ca. 50 for maltotriose and bovine milk casein, respectively.

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The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Data will be made available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

LDIS:

Large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking

LVSEP:

Large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump

tITP:

Transient isotachophoresis

LE:

Leading electrolyte

TE:

Terminating electrolyte

HPMC:

Hydroxypropyl (methyl cellulose)

BGE:

Background electrolyte

MCE:

Microchip electrophoresis

SEF:

Sensitivity enhancement factor

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP18K05162 and JP22K05149.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan

    Fumihiko Kitagawa, Kazuki Takahashi, Reina Osanai & Ryota Sasaki

  2. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-Oka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

    Takayuki Kawai

Authors
  1. Fumihiko Kitagawa
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  2. Kazuki Takahashi
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Correspondence to Fumihiko Kitagawa.

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Kitagawa, F., Takahashi, K., Osanai, R. et al. Application of on-line sample preconcentration by large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking (LDIS) on straight-channel microchips. ANAL. SCI. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00597-5

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