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Detection of lard adulteration in 3 kinds of vegetable oils by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with porous graphite carbon column

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A Correction to this article was published on 09 May 2024

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Abstract

Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry employing porous graphite carbon columns and an n-octane-isopropanol mobile phase was utilized for the separation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in various edible oils, aiming to identify lard adulteration in soybean, corn, and sunflower seed oils. Experiments were conducted using a Hypercarb column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 5 µm) and an n-octane-isopropanol (70:30, V/V) mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25 mL· min−1 and a column temperature of 60 °C. Detection was achieved through atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Analysis of diverse edible oil samples revealed that oils of the same type shared similar TAG compositions, while different types exhibited distinct TAG profiles. Distinct variations in triglyceride composition were observed across different edible oils. Based on liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry analysis, the characteristic component 1-stearic acid-2-palmitic acid-3-oleic acid glyceride (SPO), which may also include PSO, was identified in lard through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. This component served as a marker for detecting as low as 0.1% lard adulteration in soybean, corn, and sunflower seed oils. The technique offers a precise and effective approach for the identification of lard adulteration in these edible oils.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 31671928), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (15ZR1440800), and Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technology (KJFZ2023-11).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China

    Can Gong, Xiang-Ting Lu, Shi-Ding Zhang, Kun Xiao & Xu Xu

Authors
  1. Can Gong
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  2. Xiang-Ting Lu
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  3. Shi-Ding Zhang
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  4. Kun Xiao
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  5. Xu Xu
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Xu Xu, Xiang-Ting Lu, Can Gong, Methodology: Can Gong, Xiang-Ting Lu, Xu Xu, Investigation: Xiang-Ting Lu, Can Gong, Shi-Ding Zhang, Kun Xiao, Funding acquisition: Xu Xu. Software; Xiang-Ting Lu, Can Gong, Supervision: Xu Xu, Writing—original draft: Can Gong, Xiang-Ting Lu, Writing—review & editing: Can Gong, Xu Xu.

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Correspondence to Xu Xu.

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Gong, C., Lu, XT., Zhang, SD. et al. Detection of lard adulteration in 3 kinds of vegetable oils by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with porous graphite carbon column. ANAL. SCI. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00560-4

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