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Novel masonry grout incorporating high volumes of industrial by-products: microstructure characteristics and pursuance of durability properties

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Abstract

One solution to the high cost and scarcity of building materials is to use alternative and sustainable materials. The study presented herein developed an eco-friendly masonry grout using high volumes of palm oil clinker powder to replace cement and palm oil clinker to replace coarse aggregate. Several batches of grouts with different amounts of these materials were made to determine the technical viability of the grout. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), X-Rays Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) analyses were conducted to investigate the microstructure characteristics of the grout, and water absorption, initial rate of absorption, sulphate attack and electrical resistivity tests were conducted to determine its durability. Compressive strength tests were conducted at different curing ages and the drying shrinkage of the grout was monitored for 180 days. The results indicate that the new grout is as good as a conventional grout but with added sustainable and economic benefits. The new grout can be used in masonry construction and can be used to alleviate the inadequate supply of affordable housing.

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Acknowledgements

The research funds Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) “EEQ/2020/000499- Innovative Development of Sustainable White clay and Graphene Composite Ventilation Wall Cladding Tiles to Curtail the Heat Ingress” Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), NIT Warangal, Government of India and University of Malaya, Malaysia Faculty Grant bearing project grant number- GPF050A-2020 to conduct this research work are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Warangal, 506004, Telangana State, India

    R. Ramesh Nayaka, Rathish Kumar Pancharathi & Anish Banerjee

  2. Centre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    U. Johnson Alengaram

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA

    Fernando S. Fonseca

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, CARE Group of Institutions, Tiruchirappalli, 620009, Tamilnadu, India

    M. Sumesh

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  1. R. Ramesh Nayaka
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  2. U. Johnson Alengaram
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  4. Fernando S. Fonseca
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Correspondence to R. Ramesh Nayaka.

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Nayaka, R.R., Alengaram, U.J., Pancharathi, R.K. et al. Novel masonry grout incorporating high volumes of industrial by-products: microstructure characteristics and pursuance of durability properties. Archit. Struct. Constr. 1, 125–142 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44150-021-00012-x

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