Skip to main content
Log in

Examining Entrepreneurship Education Program Experiences of Women Faculty Engaged in Biomedical Research

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Biomedical Engineering Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although several entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) have been created for faculty, research examining women faculty experiences participating in EEPs is minimal and particularly negligible in the context of their academic research. To address this gap, we examine women faculty’s perceptions and experiences toward EEPs in the context of biomedical (BM) research. The research question examined is as follows: how do women faculty with a BM research focus experience and/or perceive EEPs? Eight self-identified women faculty who pursue B.M. research participated in in-depth interviews for this study. The data analysis drew on phenomenological experience-based qualitative research methodologies. Three key themes emerged with respect to participant experiences with and perceptions of EEPs: (1) engaging in customer discovery, (2) navigating the entrepreneurial program, and (3) facing BM specific research challenges. Customer discovery was identified as the most impactful outcome, and it pushed the faculty to explore the impact of their innovations beyond their laboratory spaces; however, the customer discovery process was challenging due to the complexity of the BM environment. Furthermore, several challenges were noted when navigating the program concerning feedback delivery and students' roles. Lastly, several BM-specific challenges were raised, specific to the lack of disciplinary diversity and post-EEP guidance on regulatory approvals and funding. We anticipate that these research-based findings will inform the continued development of EEPs that are inclusive of women STEM faculty, particularly those who are engaged in BM research. Implications for research and practice are presented in the context of the emergent findings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. American Innovation and Competitiveness Act. National Science Foundation Innovation Corps (I-Corps) Biennial Report 2021; 2021.

  2. Audretsch DB, Walshok ML. Creating competitiveness: entrepreneurship and innovation policies for growth. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blank SG. The Four Steps to the Epiphany Successful Strategies for Products that Win. 2nd ed. Pescadero: K & S Ranch; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Blank SG, Dorf B. The startup owner’s manual: the step-by-step guide for building a great company. Pescadero, CA: K & S Ranch; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brooks AW, Huang L, Kearney SW, Murray FE. Investors prefer entrepreneurial ventures pitched by attractive men. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(12):4427–31. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321202111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Brown A, Danaher PA. CHE Principles: facilitating authentic and dialogical semi-structured interviews in educational research. Int J Res Method Educ. 2019;42(1):76–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2017.1379987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Busolt U, Kugele K. The gender innovation and research productivity gap in Europe. Int J Innovation and Sustainable Development. 2009;4(3):109–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Canaria CA, Portilla L, Weingarten M. I-Corps at NIH: entrepreneurial training program creating successful small businesses. Clin Transl Sci. 2019;12(4):324–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12637.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Creswell JW, David Creswell J. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Duening TN, Hisrich RD, Lechter MA. Technology entrepreneurship: creating, capturing, and protecting value. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Duval-Couetil N, Huang-Saad A, Wheadon M. training faculty in entrepreneurship and innovation: an evaluation of the National Science Foundation Innovation-CorpsTM Program. Entrep Educ Pedagogy. 2021;4(4):583–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420929383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Epstein A, Duval-Couetil N, Huang-Saad A. Gender differences in academic entrepreneurship: experience, attitudes and outcomes among NSF I-CORPS participants. Int J Gend Entrep. 2022;14(1):117–41. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-10-2020-0166/FULL/XML.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Fredona R, Reinert SA. The Harvard research center in entrepreneurial history and the daimonic entrepreneur. Hist Polit Econ. 2017;49(2):267–314. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-3876481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Henry C, Nelson T, Lewis K. The Routledge companion to global female entrepreneurship. London: Routledge; 2017.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Howe SA, Juhnas MC, Herbers JM. Academic women: overlooked entrepreneurs. Assoc Am Coll Univ. 2014;16(2):17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Huang-Saad AY, Morton CS, Libarkin JC. Entrepreneurship assessment in higher education: a research review for engineering education researchers. J Eng Educ. 2018;107(2):263–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Innovation Corps - Regional Node Program (I-Corps Node). 2012. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2012/nsf12586/nsf12586.htm

  18. Innovation Corps Sites Program (I-Corps Sites). 2015. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2014/nsf14547/nsf14547.htm

  19. Jackson J, Pearson M, Huang-Saad A, Mondisa JL. Innovating innovation: advancing racial equity in STEM entrepreneurship programming. J Women Minorities Sci Eng. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1615/JWOMENMINORSCIENENG.2022041287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jardim J, Bártolo A, Pinho A. Towards a global entrepreneurial culture: a systematic review of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs. Educ Sci. 2021;11(8):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Johnson TP. Snowball Sampling: Introduction. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kelley DJ, Baumer BS, Brush C, Greene PG, Mahdavi M, Cole MMM, Dean M, Heavlow R. Women's Entrepreneurship 2016/2017 Report; 2017. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/conway_research/1

  23. Koning R, Samila S, Ferguson J-P. Who do we invent for? Patents by women focus more on women’s health, but few women get to invent. Science. 2021;372:1345–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kuschel K, Ettl K, Díaz-García C, Alsos GA. Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship—insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Int Entrep Manag J. 2020;16(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00642-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee CS, Mcneill NJ, Douglas EP, Koro-Ljungberg ME, Therriault DJ. Indispensable resource? A phenomenological study of textbook use in engineering problem solving. J Eng Educ. 2013;102(2):269–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Maghabouleh N, Schachter A, Flores DR. Middle Eastern and North African Americans maynot be perceived, nor perceive themselves, to be White. PNAS. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117940119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Moustakas C. Phenomenological research methods. Newcastle: Sage; 1994.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  28. Neeley L, van Auken H. Differences between female and male entrepreneurs’ use of bootstrap financing. J Dev Entrep. 2010;15(1):19–34. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946710001439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Neubauer BE, Witkop CT, Varpio L. How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspect Med Educ. 2019;8(2):90–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Nielsen MW, Alegria S, Börjeson L, Etzkowitz H, Falk-Krzesinski HJ, Joshi A, Leahey E, Smith-Doerr L, Woolley AW, Schiebinger L. Gender diversity leads to better science. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(8):1740–2. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700616114.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Nnakwe CC, Cooch N, Huang-Saad A. Investing in academic technology innovation and entrepreneurship: moving beyond research funding through the NSF I-CORPSTM program. Technol Innov. 2018;19(4):773–86. https://doi.org/10.21300/19.4.2018.773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. NSF Innovation Corps Hubs Program (I-CorpsTM Hubs). 2022. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2022/nsf22566/nsf22566.htm

  33. NSF's Innovation Corps (I-Corps). 2022, July 20. https://beta.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/i-corps.

  34. OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms—Biomedical research Definition. OECD Health Data 2001: A Comparative Analysis of 30 Countries; 2001. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=217.

  35. Osterwalder A, Pigneur Y. Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers, vol. 1. Hoboken: Wiley; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Admin Policy Mental Health Mental Health Serv Res. 2015;42(5):533–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Poggesi S, Mari M, de Vita L, Foss L. Women entrepreneurship in STEM fields: literature review and future research avenues. Int Entrep Manag J. 2020;16(1):17–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-019-00599-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Saldaña J. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. London: Sage; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Shannon G, Jansen M, Williams K, Cáceres C, Motta A, Odhiambo A, Eleveld A, Mannell J. Review gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter? Lancet. 2019;393:560–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33135-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Siegel DS, Wright M. Academic entrepreneurship: time for a rethink? Br J Manag. 2015;26(4):582–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wheadon M, Duval-Couetil N. Token entrepreneurs: a review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship. Entrep Reg Dev. 2019;31(3–4):308–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1551795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Wood MS. A process model of academic entrepreneurship. Bus Horiz. 2011;54(2):153–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2010.11.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation through grant number 2126978. The opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the National Science Foundation.

Funding

This project is funded by the US National Science Foundation through Grant Number 2126978. The opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the National Science Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Not applicable.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prateek Shekhar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have not disclosed any competing interests

Ethical approval

The work is approved by the Institutional Review Board at New Jersey Institute of Technology. IRB Protocol Number: 2101005304.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ruiz, A.L., Shekhar, P., Huang-Saad, A. et al. Examining Entrepreneurship Education Program Experiences of Women Faculty Engaged in Biomedical Research. Biomed Eng Education 3, 279–290 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43683-023-00114-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43683-023-00114-6

Keywords

Navigation