Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sexual orientation and gender identity advocacy in emergency medicine: a Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians position statement

  • CAEP Position Statement & Guidelines
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kruse MI, Bigham BL, Voloshin D, Wan M, Clarizio A, Upadhye S. Care of sexual and gender minorities in the emergency department: a scoping review. Ann Emerg Med. 2022;79(2):196–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Collister D, Saad N, Christie E, Ahmed S. Providing care for transgender persons with kidney disease: a narrative review. Can J kidney Heal Dis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358120985379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bonifacio JH, Maser C, Stadelman K, Palmert M. Management of gender dysphoria in adolescents in primary care. Can Med Assoc J. 2019;191(3):E69–75. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.180672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ward BW, Dahlhamer JM, Galinsky AM, Joestl SS. Sexual orientation and health among U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2013. Natl Health Stat Report. 2014;77:1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bristol S, Kostelec T, MacDonald R. Improving emergency health care workers’ knowledge, competency, and attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients through interdisciplinary cultural competency training. J Emerg Nurs. 2018;44(6):632–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Statistics Canada. Same-sex couples and sexual orientation... by the numbers. Statistics Canada.

  7. Peitzmeier SM, Malik M, Kattari SK, et al. Intimate partner violence in transgender populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and correlates. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(9):e1–14. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305774.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley S, et al. Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 Countries—April–June 2022. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(8):679–91. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Green KE, Feinstein BA. Substance use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: an update on empirical research and implications for treatment. Psychol Addict Behav. 2012;26(2):265–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. McCabe SE, Matthews AK, Lee JGL, Veliz P, Hughes TL, Boyd CJ. Tobacco use and sexual orientation in a national cross-sectional study: age, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity-attraction differences. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6):736–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.03.009.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Quinn GP, Sanchez JA, Sutton SK, et al. Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(5):384–400. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21288.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Choudhri Y, Miller J, Sandhu J, Leon A, Aho J. Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015. Canada Commun Dis Rep. 2018;44(2):43–8. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v44i02a02.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Casey B. The health of LGBTQIA2 communities in Canada. House Commons Can. 2019:41–42.

  14. Higgins R, Hansen B, Jackson BE, Shaw A, Lachowsky NJ. Programs and interventions promoting health equity in LGBTQ2+ populations in Canada through action on social determinants of health. Heal Promot Chronic Dis Prev Canada. 2021;41(12):431–5. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.12.04.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Veenstra G. Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation: intersecting axes of inequality and self-rated health in Canada. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-10-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Leeies M, Askin N, Fesehaye L, et al. Health Equity Sociodemographic Variable Collection in Emergency Department Patients: A Systematic Review Protocol. Prospero. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021272107. Published 2021. Accessed 27 Jun 2022.

  17. Primavesi R, Burcheri A, Bigham BL, et al. Education about sexual and gender minorities within Canadian emergency medicine residency programs. Can J Emerg Med. 2022;24(2):135–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00236-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lien K, Vujcic B, Ng V. Attitudes, behaviour, and comfort of Canadian emergency medicine residents and physicians in caring for 2SLGBTQI+ patients. Can J Emerg Med. 2021;23(5):617–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00160-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Goldbach JT, Rhoades H, Green D, Fulginiti A, Marshal MP. Is there a need for LGBT-specific suicide crisis services? Crisis. 2019;40(3):203–8. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000542.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Leeies M, Grunau B, Askin N, et al. Equity-relevant sociodemographic variable collection in emergency medicine: a systematic review, qualitative evidence synthesis, and recommendations for practice. Acad Emerg Med. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14629.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bryan JM, Alavian S, Giffin D, et al. CAEP 2021 Academic Symposium: recommendations for addressing racism and colonialism in emergency medicine. Can J Emerg Med. 2022;24(2):144–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00244-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Murdoch Leeies

  2. Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

    Michael Kruse

  3. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Brock Weston & Sheila Smith

  4. McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Robert Primavesi

  5. Community Based Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Ben Klassen & Chris Draenos

  6. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Nadia Primiani

Authors
  1. Murdoch Leeies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Kruse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Brock Weston
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sheila Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robert Primavesi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ben Klassen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Chris Draenos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Nadia Primiani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Murdoch Leeies.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Glossary

SOGI

Sexual orientation and/or gender identity

Cisgender

A person whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth.

Gender identity

Internal and deeply felt sense of being a man or woman, both or neither A person’s gender identity may or may not align with the gender typically associated with their sex. It may change over the course of one’s lifetime.

Heterosexual/Heteroromantic

A person who is sexually and/or romantically attracted to people of a different gender than themselves.

Sexual Orientation

Romantic and sexual attraction for people of the same or another sex or gender.

Transgender

(Also ‘trans’). A person whose gender identity differs from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.

TGD

Transgender and/or gender diverse. Gender diversity reflects that gender is a spectrum and may not dichotomize into woman/man or girl/boy. Non-binary, agender, bigender, gender fluid, gender queer and Two Spirit are examples of some diverse gender identities.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Leeies, M., Kruse, M., Weston, B. et al. Sexual orientation and gender identity advocacy in emergency medicine: a Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians position statement. Can J Emerg Med 26, 78–81 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-023-00644-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-023-00644-6

Search

Navigation