Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CAEP position statement on violence in the emergency department

  • CAEP Position Statement & Guidelines
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety; Government of Canada https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/violence.html

  2. Phillips J. Workplace violence against health care workers in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1661–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Taylor JL. A systematic review of the literature: workplace violence in the emergency department. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20:1072–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Boulger, C. Management of the violent patient in the emergency department emergency medicine reports, May 1, 2017; https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/140623-management-of-the-violent-patient-in-the-emergency-department

  5. 'Kicked, spat on, bit': Hospital staff take stories of violence on the job to Queen's Park; CBC News; The Canadian Press · Posted: Nov 05, 2017; https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/health-care-violence-unions-protection-1.4388327

  6. Gerberich SG, Church TR, McGovern PM, et al. An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work-related violence: the Minnesota Nurses’ Study. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61:495–503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. May DD, Grubbs LM. The extent, nature, and precipitating factors of nurse assault among three groups of registered nurses in a regional medical center. J Emerg Nurs. 2002;28:11–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Spector PE, Zhou ZE, Che XX. Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying and sexual harassment: a quantitative review. Int J Nursing Stud. 2014;51(1):72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Statistics Canada; CIHI: Findings from the 2005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses; 2006. https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/NHSRep06_ENG.pdf

  10. Reichert, C. Enough is enough: putting a stop to violence in the health care sector—a discussion paper; June 2017; The Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions

  11. Copeland D, Henry M. Workplace violence and perceptions of safety among emergency department staff members: experiences, expectations, tolerance, reporting, and recommendations. J Trauma Nursing. 2017;24(2):65–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gerberich SG, Church TR, McGovern PM, Hansen H, Nachreiner NM, Geisser MS, Jurek A. Risk factors for work-related assaults on nurses. Epidemiology. 2005;16(5):704–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Emergency Nurses Association. Emergency department violence surveillance study; 2011 Retrieved from https://www.ena.org/practice-research/research/Documents/ENAEDVSReportNovember2011.pdf

  14. Gacki-Smith J, Juarez A, Boyett L, Homeyer C, Robinson L, MacLean S. Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments. J Nursing Admin. 2009;39(7/8):340–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kowalenko T, Walters BL, Khare RK, Compton S. Workplace violence: a survey of emergency physicians in the state of Michigan. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:142–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Behnam M, Tillotson RD, Davis SM, Hobbs GR. Violence in the emergency department: a national survey of emergency medicine residents and attending physicians. J Emerg Med. 2011;40:565–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Violence in Emergency Departments Is Increasing, Harming Patients, New Research Finds; ACEP News, October 2, 2018. http://newsroom.acep.org/2018-10-02-Violence-in-Emergency-Departments-Is-Increasing-Harming-Patients-New-Research-Finds

  18. Marketing General Inc. ACEP emergency department violence poll research results. September 2018:1–25

  19. Hamdan M, Hamra AA. Burnout among workers in emergency Departments in Palestinian hospitals: prevalence and associated factors. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:407. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2356-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Roldan, et al. Violence at work and its relationship with burnout, depression and anxiety in healthcare professionals of the emergency services. Health. 2013;5:193–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Galián-Muñoz I, et al. User violence and nursing staff burnout: the modulating role of job satisfaction. J Interpers Violence. 2016;31(2):302–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514555367 (Epub 2014 Nov 11).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Friedman, V. Violence in the emergency department puts patients and physicians at risk. The American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2018/10/violence-in-the-emergency-department-puts-patients-and-physicians-at-risk.html

  23. Gurney, D., Bush, K., Gillespie, G, Patrizzi, K., Wals, R. Emergency Nurses Association Position Statement (2014): Violence in the Emergency Care Setting. https://www.ena.org/docs/default-source/resource-library/practice-resources/position-statements/violenceintheemergencycaresetting.pdf

  24. Lindzon, J. Workplace abuse comes at steep cost for nurses, taxpayers. The Globe and Mail. Accessed 27 June 2017.

  25. Protection from Violence in the Emergency Department; The American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.acep.org/patient-care/policy-statements/protection-from-violence-in-the-emergency-department/

  26. Violence in the Emergency Department: The Position Statement of the National Emergency Nurses Association; http://nena.ca/w/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Violence-in-the-ED.pdf

  27. Violence and Agitation in the Emergency Department. https://canadiem.org/violence-and-agitation-in-the-emergency-department. 26 Mar 2015

  28. Verbal De-escalation of the Agitated Patient: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA De-escalation Workgroup West J Emerg Med. 2012;13(1):17–25.

  29. Assessment and emergency management of the acutely agitated or violent adult. Up to date: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/assessment-and-emergency-management-of-the-acutely-agitated-or-violent-adult?source=history_widget

  30. tactics to Reduce Violence in the Emergency Department. Envision Physician Services. https://www.emcare.com/news-events/emcare-blog/august-2014/10-tactics-to-reduce-violence-in-the-emergency-dep

  31. Preventing Violence in the Emergency Department: Ensuring Staff Safety. Environment of Care® News, October 2009;12(10). Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. https://www.jcrinc.com/assets/1/7/violence.pdf

  32. Mental Health Care: Diminishing Violence and Aggressive Behaviour. Emanuel LL, Taylor L, Hain A, Combes JR, Hatlie MJ, Karsh B, Lau DT, Shalowitz J, Shaw T, Walton M, eds. The Patient Safety Education Program – Canada (PSEP – Canada) Curriculum. © PSEP-Canada, 2013. https://www.patientsafetyinstitute.ca/en/education/PatientSafetyEducationProgram/PatientSafetyEducationCurriculum/Documents/Module%2013c%20Diminishing%20Violence%20and%20Aggressive%20Behaviour.pdf

  33. Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of the Adult Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department. The American College of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69(4):480–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.01.036

  34. Chemical Restraint in the ED. ACEP Now. December 1, 2012. https://www.acep.org/globalassets/sites/acep/media/safety-in-the-ed/chemicalrestraintintheedacepnow.pdf?_t_id=1B2M2Y8AsgTpgAmY7PhCfg==&_t_q=%20focuson&_t_tags=andquerymatch,language:en%7Clanguage:7D2DA0A9FC754533B091FA6886A51C0D,siteid:3f8e28e9-ff05-45b3-977a-68a85dcc834a%7Csiteid:84BFAF5C52A349A0BC61A9FFB6983A66&_t_ip=&_t_hit.id=ACP_Website_Application_Models_Media_DocumentMedia/_68a81dea-92c9-4377-b197-46cefbdd5d3e&_t_hit.pos=0

  35. Inaba K, Eastman AL, Jacobs LM, Mattox KL. Active-shooter response at a health care facility. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:583–6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms1800582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Active Shooter Preparedness in the Emergency Department. Emergency Nurses Association December, 2016 https://www.ena.org/docs/default-source/resource-library/practice-resources/topic-briefs/active-shooter-preparedness-in-the-emergency-department.pdf?sfvrsn=97cb4f65_10

  37. Kotora JG, et al. Active shooter in the emergency department: a scenario-based training approach for healthcare workers. Am J Disaster Med. 2014;9(1):39–51. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2014.0140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sanchez L, Young VB, Baker M. Active shooter training in the emergency department: a safety initiative. J Emerg Nurs. 2018;44(6):598–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Code silver: person with a weapon. The Ontario Hospital Association. https://www.oha.com/Documents/Code%20Silver%20Development%20Guidance.pdf

  40. Code silver: sanctuary under fire. https://emottawablog.com/2018/02/code-silver-sanctuary-under-fire/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Alan Drummond & Atul Kapur

  2. Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada

    Alan Drummond

  3. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Alecs Chochinov

  4. McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Kirsten Johnson

  5. Western University, London, ON, Canada

    Rod Lim

  6. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Howard Ovens

Authors
  1. Alan Drummond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alecs Chochinov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kirsten Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Atul Kapur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rod Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Howard Ovens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alecs Chochinov.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Drummond, A., Chochinov, A., Johnson, K. et al. CAEP position statement on violence in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med 23, 758–761 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00182-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00182-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation