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Cost-effectiveness of preferred fluids versus electrolytes in pediatric gastroenteritis

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Abstract

Background

While electrolyte maintenance solution is recommended and commonly used in pediatric gastroenteritis, it can be more costly and less palatable than preferred fluids such as apple juice.

Objective

To assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of apple juice/preferred fluids versus electrolyte maintenance solution in reducing treatment failures in children in an emergency department from societal and health care perspectives.

Methods

A probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using clinical trial and chart data. All intervention, and direct and indirect costs were included, with a 14-day time horizon. Cost-effectiveness was examined by calculating the difference in mean number of treatment failures and mean cost/patient between treatment groups. The probabilistic point estimate and 95% confidence intervals for incremental costs and incremental effectiveness were determined.

Results

The apple juice strategy was less costly than electrolytes with average per child savings of CAD $171 (95% CI $22 to $1097) from a societal perspective, and $147 (95% CI $23 to $1056) from a health care perspective. There were 0.08 fewer treatment failures per child (95% CI − 0.15 to − 0.02). The higher electrolyte maintenance solution cost was due to more frequent hospitalizations, ongoing care, and greater lost parental productivity due to additional medical visits.

Conclusion

Apple juice/preferred fluids strategy was dominant over electrolytes in the treatment of children with minimal dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis as this option yielded fewer treatment failures and a lower societal cost. Given the high prevalence of acute gastroenteritis, this approach may result in significant cost savings while leading to improved clinical outcomes.

Résumé

Contexte

Bien que la solution de maintien des électrolytes soit recommandée et couramment utilisée dans les gastro-entérites pédiatriques, elle peut être plus coûteuse et moins agréable au goût que les liquides préférés tels que le jus de pomme.

Objectif

Évaluer le rapport coût-efficacité supplémentaire du jus de pomme/des liquides préférés par rapport à des électrolytes pour réduire les échecs de traitement chez les enfants dans un service d'urgence, du point de vue de la société et des soins de santé.

Les méthodes

Une analyse probabiliste de la rentabilité a été réalisée en utilisant les données des essais cliniques et des dossiers. Tous les coûts d'intervention, directs et indirects, ont été inclus, avec un horizon temporel de 14 jours. La rentabilité a été examinée en calculant la différence du nombre moyen d'échecs de traitement et du coût/patient moyen entre les groupes de traitement. L'estimation ponctuelle probabiliste et les intervalles de confiance à 95% pour les coûts différentiels et l'efficacité différentielle ont été déterminés.

Résultats

La stratégie du jus de pomme était moins coûteuse que les électrolytes, avec des économies moyennes par enfant de 171 $ CAD (IC à 95 % : 22 $ à 1097 $) du point de vue sociétal et de 147 $ (IC à 95 % : 23 $ à 1056 $) du point de vue des soins de santé. Il y a eu 0,08 échec de traitement en moins par enfant (IC 95 % : -0,15 à -0,02). Le coût plus élevé des électrolytes est dû à des hospitalisations plus fréquentes, à des soins continus et à une plus grande perte de productivité des parents en raison de visites médicales supplémentaires.

Conclusion

La stratégie du jus de pomme/des liquides préférés a été dominante sur les électrolytes dans le traitement des enfants présentant une déshydratation minimale secondaire à une gastro-entérite aiguë, car cette option a permis de réduire les échecs du traitement et le coût pour la société. Compte tenu de la prévalence élevée de la gastro-entérite aiguë, cette approche peut entraîner des économies de coûts significatives tout en améliorant les résultats cliniques.

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Funding

Dr. Moretti is supported in part by the Canadian Institute for Health Research, Support for Patient Oriented Research, and the Ontario Child Health Support Unit, an Ontario SPOR Support Unit. Dr. Ungar holds the Canada Research Chair in Economic Evaluation and Technology Assessment in Child Health. Dr. Freedman is supported in part by Alberta Children’s Hospital Foundation Professorship in Child Health and Wellness. The original clinical trial was supported by a grant from Physicians Services Incorporated Foundation (grant 10q1011). The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.

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Correspondence to Wendy J. Ungar.

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Moretti, M.E., Ungar, W.J., Freedman, S.B. et al. Cost-effectiveness of preferred fluids versus electrolytes in pediatric gastroenteritis. Can J Emerg Med 23, 646–654 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00108-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00108-9

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