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Artificial night illumination disrupts sleep, and attenuates mood and learning in diurnal animals: evidence from behavior and gene expression studies in zebra finches

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of an illuminated night on sleep, mood, and cognitive performance in non-seasonal diurnal zebra finches that were exposed for 6 weeks to an ecologically relevant dimly lit night (12L:12dLAN; 150 lx: 5 lx) with controls on the dark night (12L:12D; 150 lx: < 0.01 lx). Food and water were provided ad libitum. Under dLAN (dim light at night), birds showed disrupted nocturnal (frequent awakenings) and overall decreased sleep duration. They also exhibited a compromised novel object exploration, a marker of the bird’s mood state, and committed more errors, took significantly longer duration to learn with low retrieval performance of the learned task when tested for a color-discrimination (learning) task under the dLAN. Further, compared to controls, there was reduced mRNA expression level of genes involved in the neurogenesis, neural plasticity (bdnf, dcx and egr1) and motivation (th, drd2, taar1 and htr2c; dopamine synthesis and signaling genes) in the brain (hippocampus (HP), nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), and midbrain) of birds under dLAN. These results show concurrent negative behavioral and molecular neural effects of the dimly illuminated nights, and provide insights into the possible impact on sleep and mental health in diurnal species inhabiting an increasingly urbanized ecosystem.

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The datasets will be available from the corresponding author upon a reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a research grant by the Science and Engineering Research Board (# CRG/2019/000321) to SKB and VK. VK is currently supported by the award of a BSR faculty fellowship by the University Grants Commission of India (# F. No. 26-13/2020 BSR). AK received a DST-INSPIRE fellowship. We acknowledge the help of Mr. Mayank Kumar during this study.

Funding

This research was funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, Grant no [CRG000321, UGC, Grant no [26-13/2020 BSR] and DST INSPIRE Grant no [201900028078].

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  1. Ashwani Kumar and Abhilash Prabhat contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India

    Ashwani Kumar, Abhilash Prabhat & Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Vinod Kumar

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  1. Ashwani Kumar
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Contributions

Conceptualization: SKB, VK; Methodology: AK, AP and SKB; Formal analysis and investigation: AK and AP; Writing—original draft preparation: AK, SKB and AP; Writing—review and editing: VK, SKB, AK and AP; Revision: AK, SKB, VK; Funding acquisition: SKB and VK; Resources: SKB; Supervision: SKB and VK.

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Correspondence to Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj.

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The experiments were performed as per approval and guidelines of the Institutional Ethics Committee of Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India (Protocol # IAEC-2022/08).

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Kumar, A., Prabhat, A., Kumar, V. et al. Artificial night illumination disrupts sleep, and attenuates mood and learning in diurnal animals: evidence from behavior and gene expression studies in zebra finches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 22, 2247–2257 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-023-00447-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-023-00447-9

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