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Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Models Help in Correcting Foot Alignment in Hallux Valgus Deformities

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Abstract

Background

Hallux valgus (HV) is the most common pathologic entity affecting the great toe. The goal of corrective surgery is to restore foot mechanics and provide pain relief. The purpose of the study was to create individual angle using life-size foot models with three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design a section on HV osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

Ten female patients with a diagnosis of HV were included. Radiologic [HV angle and intermetatarsal (IM) angle] and clinical [American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS)] assessment was done pre- and postoperatively. All the operations were planned together with 3D life-size models generated from computed tomography (CT) scans. Benefits of using the 3D life-size models were noted. The 3D model’s perception was evaluated.

Results

The mean AOFAS score, mean HV, and IM angles had improved significantly (P < 0.05). The visual and tactile inspection of 3D models allowed the best anatomical understanding, with faster and clearer comprehension of the surgical planning. At the first tarsometatarsal joint, the HV models showed significantly greater dorsiflexion, inversion, and adduction of the first metatarsal relative to the medial cuneiform. At the first metatarsophalangeal joint, the HV models showed significantly greater eversion and abduction of the first proximal phalanx relative to the first metatarsal. It provided satisfactory results about operation time and blood loss. 3D model’s perception was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

3D models help to transfer complex anatomical information to clinicians, which provide guidance in the preoperative planning stage, for intraoperative navigation. It helps to create a patient-specific angle section on osteotomy to correct IM angle better and improve postoperative foot function. The 3D personalized model allowed for a better perception of information when compared to the corresponding 3D reconstructed image provided.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ortopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Anil Murat Ozturk & Onur Suer

  2. Department of Anatomy, Digital Imaging and 3D Modelling Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Istemihan Coban, Mehmet Asim Ozer & Figen Govsa

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  1. Anil Murat Ozturk
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  2. Onur Suer
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Correspondence to Anil Murat Ozturk.

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The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms from the patients. In the form, the patients have given their consent for their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

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Ozturk, A.M., Suer, O., Coban, I. et al. Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Models Help in Correcting Foot Alignment in Hallux Valgus Deformities. JOIO 54 (Suppl 1), 199–209 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-020-00110-w

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