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Paleoenvironmental shifts across Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary: insights from multi-proxy chemo stratigraphy of the Mahadeo–Cherrapunji section, Meghalaya, India

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Abstract

This contribution presents chemical data on clays (SEM–EDS and trace elements) along with bulk organic carbon (δ13Corg) isotopes from the Mahadeo–Cherrapunji (MCR) section sediments to evaluate Deccan volcanism-induced paleoenvironmental perturbations across Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (K/PgB). The assemblages of clay minerals (illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and smectite) in this section under study demonstrated that the climate during the late Maastrichtian–early Danian period was humid to arid/semi-arid. The rare earth element (REE) patterns normalized to chondrite reveal flat, heavy REE (HREE) patterns with negative europium (Eu) anomalies and enriched light REE (LREE) patterns. The MCR section suggests that the basin experienced intermittent oxic to anoxic depositional conditions, as indicated by the low to moderate values of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), V, and U, along with low Ni/Co and U/Th ratio values. The average δ13Corg value of MCR section clays is − 24.85‰. However, the pre-K/PgB gray calcareous shale layer (MC-12A) in biozone CF1 shows a δ13Corg value of − 28.91‰, which is significantly (~ 4‰) lower than the immediately lying below and above layers. The meager δ13Corg value (~ 4‰) during the K/PgB transition is attributed to the highly anoxic oceanic environment. Elevated levels of CO2 were attained through the release of warm greenhouse gasses resulting from Deccan volcanic activity. The findings of this investigation are supported by the shallow marine Therriaghat (Um-Sohryngkew River) section in Meghalaya, as well as other recognized K/PgB successions worldwide.

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Data availability

The datasets produced and examined in the present study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

SP expresses gratitude for the financial assistance received from the UGC-Dr. D.S. Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowship (Grant: F.4-2120 06 (BSR)/ES/18-19/0 037). MJ acknowledges IoE, University of Hyderabad, as well as the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, through the FIST grant (SR/FST/ESI-146/2016(C)). In order to conduct fieldwork, SP and JPS are grateful for financial support [Project Grant No. 24(0342)/16/EMR-II] from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. We are thankful to the reviewers and handling editor for offering valuable comments to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    Sucharita Pal, M. Jayananda & Devleena M. Tiwari

  2. Geology Department, Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India

    Sucharita Pal

  3. Department of Geology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    J. P. Shrivastava

  4. National Geophysical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500606, India

    M. Satyanarayanan

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India

    A. S. Maurya

  6. SEST, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India

    J. P. Gautam

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Sucharita Pal—wrote the main manuscript text, prepared figures, tables M. Jayananda—conceptualize the research, reviewed the manuscript text Devleena M. Tiwari—reviewed the manuscript text and gave valuable inputs J.P. Shrivastava—conceptualize the research, reviewed the manuscript text M. Satyanarayanan—analytical help A.S. Maurya—analytical help J.P. Gautam—Analytical help

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Pal, S., Jayananda, M., Tiwari, D.M. et al. Paleoenvironmental shifts across Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary: insights from multi-proxy chemo stratigraphy of the Mahadeo–Cherrapunji section, Meghalaya, India. J. Sediment. Environ. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-024-00171-z

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