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The pattern of organic matter type occurrence and distribution in predicting hydrocarbon source formation: an example from Eocene Niger Delta Basin shale deposits

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Abstract

The pattern of Eocene Niger Delta source rock organic matter occurrence, distribution, and maturity in a well located in the northwestern depobelt of the Niger Delta is investigated to characterize the hydrocarbon source potential in this part of the delta. A total of 51 core and 45 non-composited ditch-cutting shale samples were subjected to total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and Rock–Eval pyrolysis. Primary and derived data show good–excellent generation potential. Cross plots of hydrogen index (HI) versus TOC were used to classify kerogen types as II, II/III, and III, which exhibited stratigraphic variation. Tmax and vitrinite equivalent (Requ) indicate early-peak maturity, contrary to views that maturation was not possible above depths of 2500 m. The production index (PI) indicated thermal conversion with depth. The distribution pattern of type II kerogen in the immature zone and types II/III and III in the mature zone appears anomalous. While it suggests and favors the effect of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion (fractional conversion, f = 48.25–68.19%) and stratigraphic variability as a probable cause of observed kerogen types variability and Tmax trend between the immature and mature zones, stratigraphic wedging at the Akata and Agbada Formations interface/transition zone, it may not be discounted as a probable cause of the observed anomaly. The result of this study adds to the range of answers advanced in resolving the age-long controversies on the actual source sediments of hydrocarbon resources in this part of the Niger Delta Basin and other similar settings.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) in Nigeria for providing the data for the work. The authors sincerely express their great thanks to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive inputs and suggestions, which significantly improved the manuscript. Thanks also due to the journal handling editor, Hernani Chaves for reviewing and editing the revised manuscript.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria

    Jerry Osokpor & Ovie B. Ogbe

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Dr. J. Osokpor: Conceptualization of work, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of results, drafted the original manuscript, prepared the figures, and reviewed the manuscript. Dr. O.B. Ogbe: Conceptualization of work, interpretation of results, drafted the original manuscript, prepared the figures and submission, and reviewed the manuscript. .

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Osokpor, J., Ogbe, O.B. The pattern of organic matter type occurrence and distribution in predicting hydrocarbon source formation: an example from Eocene Niger Delta Basin shale deposits. J. Sediment. Environ. 8, 507–523 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00146-6

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