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An assessment of multi-criteria predictive model for alluvial sapphire exploration in Belel and environs, Adamawa Yadé-domain, northern Cameroon

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Abstract

Regional scale mineral resource exploration is best accomplished through the use of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Prospective sapphire zones in Belel and its environs (northern Cameroon) were identified in this study by integrating spatial data representing geological, geomorphological, and alteration types. The Predictive Area Curve (PAC) analysis was also used to assess the statistical relationship between the evidential data and known sapphire mineralization occurrences. To integrate geospatial data and generate mineral favourability maps for sapphire mineralization, a multi-criteria weighted sum model was used. The mineral potential maps were then discretized using multi-fractal analysis, and the Receiver Operating Curve/Area Under Curve (ROC/AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy levels for the GIS predictive model. According to PAC analysis, spatial data on proximal distances to first order streams (78%) and curvature (72%) show the strongest correlation with existing sapphire mineralization. The correlations are lowest for quartz content (67%), ferrous iron content (66%) and proximity to host rock (53%). GIS predictive map based on the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) displayed a high favorability for sapphire mineralization within the eastern and south eastern parts of the study area. The multi-fractal analysis segregated the predictive model into 4 classes. Zones of high and very high favourability or sapphire mineralization accounted for 52% of the study area. Statistical validation using ROC/AUC analysis suggests that WSM has a high prediction accuracy of 81.3%. The Weighted Sum Model's dependability attests to its usefulness as a prospecting technique.

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Data availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary material which can be available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This article is part of the PhD thesis of MINF, at the University of Buea, Cameroon. MINF acknowledges the support of Mr. Sep Nlomngan Jean Paul and all the colleagues of the Center for Geological and Mining Research. Also, thanking Dr. Tata Ernest and Dr. Ateh Kevin from The University of Bamenda, Cameroon, for their guidance in this work, as well as anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Geological and Mining Research Garoua, Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM) B.P. 333, Garoua, North Region, Cameroon

    Mary Immaculate Neh Fru

  2. Economic Geology Unit, Department of Geology, University of Buea, P.O.Box 63, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon

    Mary Immaculate Neh Fru & Cheo Emmanuel Suh

  3. Department of Geology, Mining and Environmental Sciences, the University of Bamenda, Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon

    Cheo Emmanuel Suh

  4. Department of Geology, Kano University of Science and Technology, PMB 3244, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria

    Andongma Wanduku Tende

  5. Ore Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), P.O. Box 4110, Nlongkak, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Fonabe Victor Embui

  6. Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon

    Fonabe Victor Embui

  7. Department of Geology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Da Arquitetura S/N, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil

    Thais Andressa Carrino

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  1. Mary Immaculate Neh Fru
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Contributions

MINF conceived the idea and participated in its design with CES and AWT, she did the necessary field work and wrote the draft of the manuscript. CES designed the work, read, supervised and corrected its completion and approved its submission. AWT ran the remote sensing analysis while its interpretation, discussion and conclusions were done with MINF. FVE was involved in the geological writeup and drew the geological map and TAC helped in the structuring of the paper, read it and gave meaningful contributions.

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Correspondence to Mary Immaculate Neh Fru.

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Communicated by M. V. Alves Martins

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Fru, M.I.N., Suh, C.E., Tende, A.W. et al. An assessment of multi-criteria predictive model for alluvial sapphire exploration in Belel and environs, Adamawa Yadé-domain, northern Cameroon. J. Sediment. Environ. 8, 97–113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-022-00122-6

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