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Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized with a wide range of Ca/P molar ratios and their structural, optical, and dielectric characterization

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanomaterials have been synthesized via wet-chemical precipitation route with Ca/P molar ratios of 1.40, 1.60, 1.67, 1.80 and 2.00. These samples have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Rietveld refinement and dielectric spectroscopy. Micrographs from SEM showed that the calcined HAp particles were spherical in shape and they were highly agglomerated. The chemical composition derived from EDX was in good accordance with the theoretical Ca/P ratio. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the characteristic functional groups: PO43− and OH−. Certain peaks were observed in the diffuse reflectance spectrum which is argued to originate from O2− → Ca2+ and O2− → P5+ charge transfer transitions. Phase analysis showed the existence of single pure HAp (\(\mathrm{P}{6}_{3}/\mathrm{m}\)) only for samples with Ca/P = 1.6 and 1.67. However, HAp with Ca/P = 1.4 had tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Ca3(PO4)2) as the secondary phase, while Ca/P = 1.8 and 2.0 had CaCO3 as the secondary phase. Thermograms displayed multiple steps indicating the degradation of secondary phases at higher temperatures. Further, XRD analysis of post-TGA samples revealed that there was no change in the space group symmetry; however, the phase identified was Ca5(PO4)3(CO3)0.01(OH)1.3. The dielectric constant (\({\varepsilon }^{^{\prime}}\)) and dielectric loss (\(\mathrm{tan}\delta\)) decline with enhancing frequency corresponding well with space-charge and ionic-type polarization behaviour. The ac electrical conductivity enhanced with increasing frequency obeying the Jonscher universal power law.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Centre for Advanced Materials Technology of RIT Bangalore for the necessary characterization facilities used in this study. A portion of this research (FESEM-EDX) was performed using facilities at CeNSE, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, funded by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India, MHRD and DST Nano Mission through NNetRA.

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  1. Centre for Advanced Materials Technology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru, 560054, India

    Shreyas J. Kashyap, Ravi Sankannavar & G. M. Madhu

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru, 560054, India

    Ravi Sankannavar & G. M. Madhu

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  1. Shreyas J. Kashyap
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  2. Ravi Sankannavar
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  3. G. M. Madhu
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SJK conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing-original draft, writing-reviewing and editing, visualization. RS conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, visualization; GMM resources, formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Shreyas J. Kashyap.

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Kashyap, S.J., Sankannavar, R. & Madhu, G.M. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized with a wide range of Ca/P molar ratios and their structural, optical, and dielectric characterization. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 59, 846–858 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-022-00225-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-022-00225-w

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