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Structural, electrical, magnetic and narrow band gap-correlated optical characteristics of multiferroic [Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3]0.5−[(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3]0.5

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Abstract

The research article reports the various functional properties of barium strontium titanate [(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3]-modified lead iron niobate [Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3] ceramic oxide synthesized by the solid-state method. Rietveld and POWD studies proved that the composition crystallizes in tetragonal structure as the primary phase. Ti–O perovskite vibrations were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The TiO6 octahedral stretching, O–Ti–O vibrations and Nb–O–Fe stretching vibrations of PFN were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The broadening of Raman modes was analysed in the framework of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle using phonon confinement model. Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies revealed the dense grain distributions, grain growth and purity. UV–visible analysis was done to study the narrow band gap and Urbach energy. The effect of structural distortions and electronegativity on band gap were analysed. The photocatalytic response was studied by estimating the band edge levels using Mulliken’s model. The evaluated conduction band minimum level is sufficiently negative with respect to the H+/H2 (0 eV) level, which strongly signifies the possible occurrence of the photocatalytic hydrogen emission reaction. A detailed electrical analysis was done to study the dielectric properties, relaxation, negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR)-type response and DC conductivity. AC conductivity studies revealed the presence of overlapping large polaron tunnelling (OLPT) model. The effect of oxygen vacancies on relaxation and its correlation with activation energy were discussed. Multiferroic nature was confirmed from room temperature studies of P–E and M–H hysteresis loops. Fe3+ ↔ Fe3+ (F centre) exchange and Fe3+ ↔ Fe2+ double exchange mechanisms were discussed. A magnetic improvement was noticed on reduction of temperature to 50 K. The simultaneous existence of weak ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism is one of the interesting outcomes of the present study, which may provide a new multiferroic material for advanced electro-optical applications.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the timely supports of Institute Instrumentation Centre (IIC), IIT Roorkee, for low-temperature magnetic (VSM) measurements, and Central Research Facility (CRF), IIT Kharagpur, for room temperature measurements. We also acknowledge the support of UGC-DAE CSR for providing facility to carry out Raman characterizations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768019, India

    Dinesh Kumar Pati, B. Behera & R. Padhee

  2. Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, 768018, India

    Piyush R. Das

  3. Department of Basic Science (Physics), Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar Deemed to Be University, BTAD, Kokrajhar, Assam, 783370, India

    B. N. Parida

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  1. Dinesh Kumar Pati
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  2. Piyush R. Das
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  5. R. Padhee
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Contributions

DKP: this manuscript is related to Mr Pati's PhD thesis-related work. Almost all experimental part such as synthesis, FTIR, Raman, electrical characterizations, magnetic characterizations, and PE loop was contributed by him. In addition, he has studied the literature survey, result and discussion. RP: Dr. Padhee is the PhD supervisor of Mr. Pati. His contribution is vital because he has designed the research problem and provided the tips on how to execute the problem. PRD: Dr. Das is another supervisor of Mr. Pati who is an expert in the field of multiferroics. These expertises of Dr. Padhee and Dr. Das have been utilized by Mr Pati to complete the present research problem and analysis of results. BNP: Dr. Parida helped Mr. Pati in few experimental works and discussions relating to UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy. BB: Dr. Behera helped in experimental works and discussions on electrical characterizations, XRD and FESEM analysis.

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Correspondence to R. Padhee.

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Pati, D.K., Das, P.R., Parida, B.N. et al. Structural, electrical, magnetic and narrow band gap-correlated optical characteristics of multiferroic [Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3]0.5−[(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3]0.5. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 59, 811–834 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-022-00220-1

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