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Para-phenylenediamine, an oxidative hair dye ingredient, increases thymic stromal lymphopoietin and proinflammatory cytokines causing acute dermatitis

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Abstract

Due to high consumption of cosmetics in modern society, people are always exposed to the risk of skin damage and complications. Para-phenylenediamine (P-PD), an ingredient of hair dye, has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. However, the mechanism has not been well elucidated. Here, we identify that P-PD causes dermatitis by increasing thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and inflammatory cytokines. Topical application of P-PD to mouse ear skin in consecutive 5 days resulted in dermatitis symptoms and increased ear thickness. TSLP production in skin was upregulated by P-PD treatment alone. In addition, P-PD-induced TSLP production was potentiated by MC903, which is an in vivo TSLP inducer. P-PD increased TSLP production in keratinocytes (KCMH-1 cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated PAM212 cells). The production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and CCL2, was upregulated by P-PD treatment together with MC903. The results show that repeated exposure to P-PD causes acute contact dermatitis mediated by increasing the expression of TSLP and proinflammatory cytokines.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants (18172MFDS231 and 19172MFDS221) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea in 2018 and 2019.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Korea

    Jae Kwon Lee, Hye Eun Lee, Gabsik Yang & Joo Young Lee

  2. College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea

    Kyu-Bong Kim

  3. Department of Bio Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea

    Seung Jun Kwack

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  1. Jae Kwon Lee
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Correspondence to Joo Young Lee.

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Lee, J.K., Lee, H.E., Yang, G. et al. Para-phenylenediamine, an oxidative hair dye ingredient, increases thymic stromal lymphopoietin and proinflammatory cytokines causing acute dermatitis. Toxicol Res. 36, 329–336 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-020-00041-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-020-00041-6

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