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Test for Identification of Signs of Dyslexia: Convergent Validity

Test para la identificación de Señales de Dislexia: validez convergente

Teste para Identificação de Sinais de Dislexia: validade convergente

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify support for convergent validity for the Test for Identification of Signs of Dyslexia (TISD). This validity is part of a great field named “evidence of validity based on relations with external criteria”. The support of validity studies for the TISD is still ongoing, and this research is a part of them. The total sample (N = 421) was composed of two groups: sample 1 (n = 371), aged between 6 and 16 years (M = 10.10, SD = 2.33); sample 2 (n = 50), aged between 6 and 10 years (M = 7.94, SD = 0.73). Participants in the two samples were evaluated using TISD and two different test protocols. Convergent validity of the TISD was investigated by comparing subtests of the TISD with already validated instruments, which are assumed to measure the same cognitive abilities, through the Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis. Pearson’s correlations obtained in the samples showed values between 0.22 (with small effect size, r2 = 0.04) and 0.71 (with large effect size, r2 = 0.50). Linear regression analysis revealed predictions of the TISD regarding the other instruments explaining between 8 and 51% of variance in these measures (with effect sizes between medium and large). These analyses corroborate the convergent validity of the TISD. Considering the prediction of its subtests regarding performance in the domains investigated, the TISD can comprise an important screening tool in the Brazilian context.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar evidencia de validez convergente para la Prueba para la Identificación de Señales de Dislexia (TISD). Esta validez es parte del amplio campo de la “evidencia de validez basada en relaciones con criterios externos”. Los estudios de validez para TISD todavía están en progreso, este estudio es parte de ellos. La muestra total (N = 421) fue compuesta por: Muestra 1 (n = 371), entre seis y 16 años (M = 10,10, DP = 2,33); Muestra 2 (n = 50), de siete a 10 años (M = 7,94, SD = 0,73). Los participantes en las dos muestras fueron evaluados utilizando TISD y dos protocolos de prueba diferentes. La validez convergente de TISD se investigó correlacionando sus subpruebas con instrumentos ya validados, que evaluaban las mismas habilidades cognitivas, utilizando la Correlación de Pearson y la Regresión lineal simple. Las correlaciones de Pearson obtenidas se encontraron entre 0,22 (com pequeño tamaño del efecto, r2 = 0,04) y 0,71 (com gran tamaño, r2 = 0,50). El análisis de regresión lineal indicó predicciones del TISD para los otros instrumentos, explicando entre 8 a 51% de la varianza en estas medidas (con un tamaño de efecto entre medio y moderado). Estos análisis corroboran la validez convergente del TISD. Dada la predicción de sus subpruebas sobre los desempeños en los constructos investigados, el TISD puede configurarse como importante herramienta de detección en el contexto brasileiro.

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar evidências de validade convergente para o Teste para Identificação de Sinais de Dislexia (TISD). Essa validade faz parte do grande campo das “evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com critérios externos”. Estudos de validade para o TISD se encontram em andamento, esse estudo constitui parte deles. A amostra total (N = 421) foi composta por: Amostra 1 (n = 371), indivíduos entre seis e 16 anos (M = 10,10; DP = 2,33); Amostra 2 (n = 50), entre sete e 10 anos (M = 7,94; DP = 0,73). Participantes das duas amostras foram avaliados com o TISD e dois diferentes protocolos de testes. A validade convergente do TISD foi investigada correlacionando seus subtestes com instrumentos já validados, que avaliavam as mesmas habilidades cognitivas, por meio da Correlação de Pearson e da Regressão Linear Simples. As correlações de Pearson obtidas nas amostras demonstraram valores entre 0,22 (com pequeno tamanho do efeito, r2 = 0,04) e 0,71 (com grande tamanho do efeito, r2 = 0,50). A análise de regressão linear indicou predições significativas do TISD para os outros instrumentos, explicando entre 8 a 51% da variância nessas medidas (com tamanho de efeito entre médio e grande). Tais análises corroboram a validade convergente do TISD. Dada a predição de seus subtestes sobre os desempenhos nos domínios investigados, o TISD pode configurar-se como importante ferramenta de triagem no contexto nacional.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department of Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, Brazil

    Rauni Jandé Roama-Alves

  2. Sudio SAAH, Rua Goinia 1000, Santa Barbara D’Oeste, Sao Paulo, 13454-335, Brazil

    Sara de Souza Oliveira

  3. Psychology Department of Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopólis, Brazil

    Natália Martins Dias

  4. Neurology Department of State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Sylvia Maria Ciasca

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  1. Rauni Jandé Roama-Alves
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  2. Sara de Souza Oliveira
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  3. Natália Martins Dias
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  4. Sylvia Maria Ciasca
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Correspondence to Rauni Jandé Roama-Alves.

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This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Human and Social Sciences of the Federal University of Rondonópolis, in agreement with the Resolution of the National Health Council No. 510, of April 7, 2016 (CAAE of the Plataforma Brasil: 63121916.4.0000.8088). All parents/guardians consented to the participation of their children, and the children aged 10 participated in the study voluntarily. The composition and use of the database of the “Neuro-Learning Difficulties Outpatient Clinic” was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Campinas (Authorization No. 946/2011).

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Roama-Alves, R.J., de Souza Oliveira, S., Dias, N.M. et al. Test for Identification of Signs of Dyslexia: Convergent Validity. Trends in Psychol. 28, 585–602 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-020-00038-y

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