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Frontiers in the Etiology and Treatment of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: From Molecular Mechanisms to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies

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Abstract

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) poses a significant threat to fetal viability and increases the risk for newborn morbidities. The perinatal period of preterm infants affected by pPROM is often characterized by higher rates of mortality and morbidity, with associated risks of cerebral palsy, developmental delays, compromised immune function, respiratory diseases, and sensory impairments. pPROM is believed to result from a variety of causes, including but not limited to microbially induced infections, stretching of fetal membranes, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and age-related changes in the fetal-placental interface. Maternal stress, nutritional deficiencies, and medically induced procedures such as fetoscopy are also considered potential contributing factors to pPROM. This comprehensive review explores the potential etiologies leading to pPROM, delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which these etiologies cause membrane ruptures, and provides a concise overview of diagnostic and treatment approaches for pPROM. Based on available therapeutic options, this review proposes and explores the possibilities of utilizing a novel composite hydrogel composed of amniotic membrane particles for repairing ruptured fetal membranes, thereby holding promise for its clinical application.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude for the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12002232, 12272251), the General Project Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (202103021223100), the Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province [No. 20210302124305], and the Project founded by Health Commission of Shanxi Province [No. 2021132].

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  1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

    Ludan Xu, Tiantian Yang, Meiling Wen, Dawei Wen, Chaoyang Jin, Meiwen An, Li Wang & Yang Liu

  2. Research Center for Nanobiomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

    Meiling Wen & Yang Liu

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

    Yang Liu

  4. Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Children’s Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

    Junmei Fan

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Xu, L., Yang, T., Wen, M. et al. Frontiers in the Etiology and Treatment of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: From Molecular Mechanisms to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod. Sci. 31, 917–931 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01411-9

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