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Elderberry Diet Restores Spermatogenesis in the Transient Scrotal Hyperthermia-Induced Mice

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Abstract

Over the past years, several studies have also reported the adverse effects of hyperthermia on normal testicular tissues in several species including mice, rats, and humans. These deleterious impacts include temporarily drop in relative weight of testis along with a temporary partial or complete infertility. Sambucus nigra, also known as elderberry or sweet elder, is a source of bioactive compounds that has drawn growing attention for its potential beneficial effects in preventing and treating several diseases. This experimental research divided 30 mice into the following three groups: (1) control, (2) hyperthermia, and (3) hyperthermia receiving elderberry diet for 35 days. Scrotal hyperthermia was induced by water bath with 43 °C for 30 min. Then, the mice were euthanized, and their sperm samples were collected for sperm parameters analysis. Then, we took the testis samples for histopathological experimentations, immunohistochemistry against TNF-α and caspase-3 and serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels. Our outputs indicated that elderberry diet could largely improve the sperms parameters and stereological parameters, like spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, round spermatid, and Leydig cells together with an increasing level of the serum testosterone compared to the scrotal hyperthermia induced mice. In addition, it was found that the expression of TNF-α and caspase-3 significantly decreased in the treatment groups by elderberry diet compared to the scrotal hyperthermia-induced mice. In conclusion, it could be concluded that elderberry diet may be regarded as an alternative treatment for improving the spermatogenesis process in the scrotal hyperthermia induced mice.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful for the funding provided by Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Tehran, Iran.

Funding

The study was funded by Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Registration number: 27615).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Meysam Hassani Moghaddam, Sheida Farrokhi, Neda Eskandari, Abbas Aliaghaei & Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar

  2. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Meysam Hassani Moghaddam & Neda Eskandari

  3. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran

    Sheida Farrokhi, Amirhosein Hasani, Amirreza Khosravi, Maryam Pirani, Ahmadreza Golshan, Sara Sadeghzadeh, Kosar Namakin, Abbas Aliaghaei & Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar

  4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kimia Vakili & Mobina Fathi

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Contributions

AA and MAA designed and conceived the study; MHM and SF analyzed and interpreted the data, and revised the manuscript for intellectual contents; AH and AK wrote the manuscript; MP, KV, and MF revised the manuscript; NE, AG, and SS performed the experiments; KN had a crucial role in data collection and revised the manuscript and drafted the manuscript for the intellectual content.

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Ethic Approval

The protocol of this study was reviewed and confirmed by Ethics Committee at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC1400.023).

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Moghaddam, M.H., Farrokhi, S., Hasani, A. et al. Elderberry Diet Restores Spermatogenesis in the Transient Scrotal Hyperthermia-Induced Mice. Reprod. Sci. 29, 3373–3386 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-00865-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-00865-7

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