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Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis

  • Male Reproduction: Original Article
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Abstract

The use of electronic devices such as mobile phones has had a long stretch of rapid growth all over the world. Therefore, exposure to radio frequency radiation (RFR) has increased enormously. Here, we aimed to assess the balance between cell death and proliferation and also investigate the involvement of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the testis of rats exposed to 900 MHz RFR in acute and chronic periods (2 h/day, 5 days/week) for 1 or 10 weeks, respectively. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-xL, cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK), and phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) was analyzed in line with histopathology and TUNEL analysis in rat testis. There were no histopathological differences between sham and RFR groups in the acute and chronic groups. PCNA expression was not altered between groups in both periods. However, alterations for cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-xL were observed depending on the exposure period. TUNEL analysis showed a significant increase in the RFR group in the acute period, whereas no difference in the chronic groups for the apoptotic index was reported. In addition, both p-p38 and p-JNK protein expressions increased significantly in RFR groups in both periods. Our study indicated that 900 MHz RFR might result in alterations during acute period exposure for several parameters, but this can be ameliorated in the chronic period in rat testis. Here, we also report the involvement of the p38/JNK-mediated MAPK pathway after exposure to 900 MHz RFR. Hence, this information might shed light in future studies toward detailed molecular mechanisms in male reproduction and infertility.

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Data Availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available within this article.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a research grant from Akdeniz University, The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (TSA-2018-3739).

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from Akdeniz University, The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (TSA-2018-3739).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Hakan Er

  2. Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Hakan Er

  3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey

    Gizem Gamze Tas, Bikem Soygur & Leyla Sati

  4. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Bikem Soygur

  5. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Sukru Ozen

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  1. Hakan Er
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Contributions

LS designed the experiment and interpreted the data; HE, BS, GGT, SO, and LS performed the experiments, collected the data, and analyzed the results; HE and LS wrote the manuscript. All authors edited the manuscript and have given approval for the publication of the present version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leyla Sati.

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Er, H., Tas, G.G., Soygur, B. et al. Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis. Reprod. Sci. 29, 1471–1485 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-00844-y

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