Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Letter to Editor: We Need Standardized Guidelines for Laboratory Tissue Processing After Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction

  • Letters to the Editor
  • Published:
Reproductive Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bernie AM, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, Schlegel PN. Comparison of microdissection testicular sperm extraction, conventional testicular sperm extraction, and testicular sperm aspiration for nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:1099–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chandra A, Copen CE, Stephen EH. Infertility service use in the United States: data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982-2010. Natl Health Stat Report. 2014;73:1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Haydardedeoglu B, Turunc T, Kilicdag EB, Gul U, Bagis T. The effect of prior varicocelectomy in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes: a retrospective pilot study. Urology. 2010;75:83–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schwarzer JU, Steinfatt H, Schleyer M, Köhn FM, Fiedler K, von Hertwig I, et al. No relationship between biopsy sites near the main testicular vessels or rete testis and successful sperm retrieval using conventional or microdissection biopsies in 220 non-obstructive azoospermic men. Asian J Androl. 2013;15:795–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang S, Du J, Tian R, Xie S, Li F, Li Z. Assessment of the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in guiding microdissection testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia. BMC Urol. 2018;18:48.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Ramasamy R, Reifsnyder JE, Bryson C, Zaninovic N, Liotta D, Cook CA, et al. Role of tissue digestion and extensive sperm search after microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:299–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ozkavukcu S, Ibis E, Kizil S, Isbacar S, Aydos K. A laboratory modification to testicular sperm preparation technique improves spermatogenic cell yield. Asian J Androl. 2014;16:852–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Flannigan RK, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: preoperative patient optimization, surgical technique, and tissue processing. Fertil Steril. 2019;111:420–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Esteves SC, Varghese AC. Laboratory handling of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa: what can be done to improve sperm injections outcome. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2012;5:233–43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Rappa KL, Rodriguez HF, Hakkarainen GC, Anchan RM, Mutter GL, Asghar W. Sperm processing for advanced reproductive technologies: where are we today? Biotechnol Adv. 2016;34:578–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Verheyen G, Popovic-Todorovic B, Tournaye H. Processing and selection of surgically-retrieved sperm for ICSI: a review. Basic Clin Androl. 2017;27:6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Guideline Group on Good Practice in IVF Labs, De los Santos MJ, Apter S, Coticchio G, Debrock S, Lundin K, et al. Revised guidelines for good practice in IVF laboratories (2015). Hum Reprod. 2016; 31:685-6.

  13. Niederberger C. Re: role of tissue digestion and extensive sperm search after microdissection testicular sperm extraction. J Urol. 2012;187:627.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Verheyen G, De Croo I, Tournaye H, Pletincx I, Devroey P, van Steirteghem AC. Comparison of four mechanical methods to retrieve spermatozoa from testicular tissue. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:2956–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ostad M, Liotta D, Ye Z, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia: results of a multibiopsy approach with optimized tissue dispersion. Urology. 1998;52:692–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mortimer D. Sperm Preparation Methods. J Androl. 2000;2:357–66.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Esteves SC. Novel concepts in male factor infertility: clinical and laboratory perspectives. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016;33:1319–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Zohdy W, Abbas S, Abdel Jalil AK. Freezing and crushing technique: a new concept for the extraction of testicular spermatozoa from men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:653–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hammitt DG, Ferrigni RG, Sattler CA, Rebert JA, Singh AP. Development of a new and efficient laboratory method for processing testicular sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002;19:335–42.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Mangum CL, Patel DP, Jafek AR, Samuel R, Jenkins TG, Aston KI, et al. Towards a better testicular sperm extraction: novel sperm sorting technologies for non-motile sperm extracted by microdissection TESE. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S206–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Esteves SC, Sharma RK, Thomas AJ Jr, Agarwal A. Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with pentoxifylline improves the post-thaw agonist-induced acrosome reaction rate. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:3384–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ebner T, Tews G, Mayer RB, Ziehr S, Arzt W, Costamoling, et al. Pharmacological stimulation of sperm motility in frozen and thawed testicular sperm using the dimethylxanthine theophylline. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:1331–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Verheyen G, Joris H, Crits K, Nagy Z, Tournaye H, Van Steirteghem A. Comparison of different hypo-osmotic swelling solutions to select viable immotile spermatozoa for potential use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod Update. 1997;3:195–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. de Oliveira NM, Vaca Sánchez R, Rodriguez Fiesta S, Lopez Salgado T, Rodríguez R, Bethencourt JC, et al. Pregnancy with frozen-thawed and fresh testicular biopsy after motile and immotile sperm microinjection, using the mechanical touch technique to assess viability. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:262–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Aktan TM, Montag M, Duman S, Gorkemli H, Rink K, Yurdakul T. Use of a laser to detect viable but immotile spermatozoa. Andrologia. 2004;36:366–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Crabbé E, Verheyen G, Silber S, Tournaye H, Van de Velde H, Goossens A, et al. Enzymatic digestion of testicular tissue may rescue the intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle in some patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:2791–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Aydos K, Demirel LC, Baltaci V, Unlu C. Enzymatic digestion plus mechanical searching improves testicular sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;120:80–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Baukloh V. Retrospective multicenter study on mechanic and enzymatic preparation of fresh and cryopreserved testicular biopsies. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:1788–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bryniarski K, Szczepanik M, Ptak M, Ptak W. Modulation of testicular macrophage activity by collagenase. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2005;43:37–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Havrylyuk A, Chopyak V, Boyko Y, Kril I, Kurpisz M. Cytokines in the blood and semen of infertile patients. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2015;40:337–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Ishikawa T, Nose R, Yamaguchi K, Chiba K, Fujisawa M. Learning curves of microdissection testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:1008–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Schiewe MC, Rothman C, Spitz A, Werthman PE, Zeitlin SI, Anderson RE. Validation-verification of a highly effective, practical human testicular tissue in vitro culture-cryopreservation procedure aimed to optimize pre-freeze and post-thaw motility. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016;33:519–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. World Health Organization. Quality health services: a planning guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Papageorgiou TC, Hearns-Stokes RM, Leondires MP, Miller BT, Chakraborty P, Cruess D, et al. Training of providers in embryo transfer: what is the minimum number of transfers required for proficiency? Hum Reprod. 2001;16:1415–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Heng BC. Proposed ethical guidelines and legislative framework for permitting gestational surrogacy in Singapore. Reprod BioMed Online. 2007;15(Suppl 1):7–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gvakharia MO, Lipshultz LI, Lamb DJ. Human sperm microinjection into hamster oocytes: a new tool for training and evaluation of the technical proficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:395–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Franken DR. Semen analysis workshops in India and Africa: the vital role of training and external quality control programmes. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2013;5:100–5.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus and interaction. 5th ed. Cambridge: World Health Organization; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Van Waart J, Kruger TF, Lombard CJ, Ombelet W. Predictive value of normal sperm morphology in intrauterine insemination (IUI): a structured literature review. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:495–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. van den Hoven L, Hendriks JC, Verbeet JG, Westphal JR, Wetzels AM. Status of sperm morphology assessment: an evaluation of methodology and clinical value. Fertil Steril. 2015;103:53–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt

    Nader Salama

Authors
  1. Nader Salama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nader Salama.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salama, N. Letter to Editor: We Need Standardized Guidelines for Laboratory Tissue Processing After Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction. Reprod. Sci. 28, 2071–2075 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00585-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00585-4

Search

Navigation