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The application of genome editing technology in fish

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Abstract

The advent and development of genome editing technology has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in the field of life sciences with rapid developments occurring in the last decade. As a powerful tool to decipher genome data at the molecular biology level, genome editing technology has made important contributions to elucidating many biological problems. Currently, the three most widely used genome editing technologies include: zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Researchers are still striving to create simpler, more efficient, and accurate techniques, such as engineered base editors and new CRISPR/Cas systems, to improve editing efficiency and reduce off-target rate, as well as a near-PAMless SpCas9 variants to expand the scope of genome editing. As one of the important animal protein sources, fish has significant economic value in aquaculture. In addition, fish is indispensable for research as it serves as the evolutionary link between invertebrates and higher vertebrates. Consequently, genome editing technologies were applied extensively in various fish species for basic functional studies as well as applied research in aquaculture. In this review, we focus on the application of genome editing technologies in fish species detailing growth, gender, and pigmentation traits. In addition, we have focused on the construction of a zebrafish (Danio rerio) disease model and high-throughput screening of functional genes. Finally, we provide some of the future perspectives of this technology.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Project [No. 201803020017], National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31902427] and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [No. 2018M631016].

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  1. School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Jianguo Lu, Wenyu Fang, Junrou Huang & Shizhu Li

  2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China

    Jianguo Lu

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JGL, WYF, JRH, and SZL reviewed literature and wrote the manuscript, improved and corrected the manuscript. The manuscript has been approved by all authors.

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Lu, J., Fang, W., Huang, J. et al. The application of genome editing technology in fish. Mar Life Sci Technol 3, 326–346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-021-00091-1

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