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Characterization of Bacillus phage Gxv1, a novel lytic Salasvirus phage isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments

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Abstract

Seamounts are hotspots for marine life, but to date, no bacteriophages have been reported. Here, a novel Bacillus podophage (named as Bacillus phage Gxv1) was isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments of the western Pacific Ocean (~ 5790 m). Phage Gxv1 has a hexameric head ~ 42–53 nm in diameter and a short tail of ~ 30 nm long, which is a typical feature of the Podoviridae family. One-step curve analysis showed that Gxv1 is a lytic phage that can initiate host lysis within 3.5 h post-infection, and has a relatively large burst size. The 21,781-bp genome contains 34 predicted genes, and the G + C content of phage Gxv1 is 39.69%. Whole-genome comparison of phage Gxv1 with known bacteriophages, using BlastN analysis against the IMG/VR database, revealed that phage Gxv1 is closely related to Bacillus phage phi29 that infects Bacillus subtilis, and their genome-wide similarity is 93.62%. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase showed that phage Gxv1 belongs to the Salasvirus genus. Multiple genome alignment showed that phage Gxv1 shares a high level of sequence similarity and common gene order with Bacillus phage phi29. However, some sequences are unique to phage Gxv1, and this region contains genes encoding DNA packing protein, DNA replication protein, and unknown protein. These sequences exhibit low sequence similarity to known bacteriophages, highlighting an unknown origin of these sequences. This study will help improve our understanding of the Salasvirus genus and phage diversity in deep-sea seamounts.

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Data availability

The complete genome sequence for Bacillus phage Gxv1 was deposited in GenBank database under the accession number MT459794.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (No. DY135-B-04), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41976084), and the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR (No. 2019013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Xun Guo, Tianyou Zhang, Min Jin & Runying Zeng

  2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China

    Min Jin & Runying Zeng

Authors
  1. Xun Guo
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  2. Tianyou Zhang
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  3. Min Jin
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  4. Runying Zeng
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Contributions

MJ and RZ designed the experiments. XG, TZ, and MJ performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors edited and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Min Jin or Runying Zeng.

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All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Edited by Jiamei Li.

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Guo, X., Zhang, T., Jin, M. et al. Characterization of Bacillus phage Gxv1, a novel lytic Salasvirus phage isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments. Mar Life Sci Technol 3, 13–19 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00074-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00074-8

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