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Small-bodied mammal diversity facets vary discretely across an understudied ecotone in the western Amazon-Cerrado

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Abstract

Tropical forests and savannahs worldwide are yielding to agribusiness, impacting biodiversity. In the southern Amazon deforestation arc, deforestation progress and limited study of extensive areas result in knowledge gaps on the impacts on biodiversity. We examined patterns of small-bodied mammal species diversity along a gradient ranging from closed-canopy to open-area savannahs, in the Guaporé river basin, Brazil. During one temporal replica—between December 2011 and October 2012—we sampled small mammals using live-traps in seven sites along three 1 km transects each. We assessed and predicted species alpha-diversity (within site), beta-diversity (unshared between sites), and zeta-diversity (shared) across the gradient, relating each biodiversity facets to the sites habitat structure, including vegetation height and above-ground biomass. From 202 individuals recorded, we uncovered 18 species in the region, whereas alpha-diversity was similar between sites, the species composition discretely shifted from non-floodable terra firme to open-areas of the transition zone southwards. Sites located at the intermediary zones of the north–south axis had lower beta-diversity contributions in comparison with northern- and southernmost sites, suggesting mixed biome influences. Zeta-diversity declined rapidly from closer sites to the more distant ones. Along the middle Guaporé basin, small mammal distribution correspondingly reflected the influence of the Cerrado and Amazon. Species presence—and cryptic diversity in terms of species not recorded yet—highlights conserving extensive habitats to accommodate diverse regional-local diversity needs, whereas both beta- and zeta-diversity patterns reveal that sites distinctiveness and multiple assemblages are required to safeguard the regional-scale diversity.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available online in the Tables of this manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

We extend our thanks to the “Uso sustentável e Bioprospecção da Biodiversidade na Amazônia Meridional/Rede BIONORTE” project for their invaluable logistical support and research funding. Our appreciation also goes to CNPq for providing scholarships. Special thanks are extended to Genésio, Sarita, Paulo, Fernando, Roberto—the farm managers—for their essential logistical assistance and for permission for sampling on their properties. Lastly, we express our thanks to Patrick Ricardo de Lázari and Welvis Felipe F. Castilheiro for their dedicated field support.

Funding

Master-degree scholarship to Robson Flores de Oliveira (CNPq Bionorte project). This research p was feasible due to CNPq (no 55433020/2010-5) and FAPEMAT (n° 205983/2011) grants through the Brazilian BioNorte Network for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon, project “Conservation, use and bioprospecting of the biodiversity of southern Amazon—Mato Grosso State”. AFP was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No. 854248 (TROPIBIO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso-UNEMAT, Centro de Pesquisa de Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal-CELBE, Cáceres, MT, Brazil

    Robson Flores de Oliveira, Manoel dos Santos-Filho & Juliano A. Bogoni

  2. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos, Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Ana Filipa Palmeirim

  3. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Ana Filipa Palmeirim

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  1. Robson Flores de Oliveira
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  2. Manoel dos Santos-Filho
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  3. Ana Filipa Palmeirim
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  4. Juliano A. Bogoni
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Contributions

RFO: data acquisition and manuscript editing; MSF: sampling design, data acquisition, writing and major editing; AFP: data analysis, writing and major editing; JAB: data analysis, figures and wrote the manuscript draft.

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Correspondence to Juliano A. Bogoni.

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42991_2023_393_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file1 Supplementary Material 1. Rarefaction (interpolation-extrapolation) curves to explore difference and sampling coverage in small-bodied mammals richness across the Guaporé River basin, an ecotone zone across Amazon-Cerrado in southwest of Mato Grosso state (Brazil). Sites acronyms are contained included in manuscript Table 1. (PDF 151 KB)

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de Oliveira, R.F., dos Santos-Filho, M., Palmeirim, A.F. et al. Small-bodied mammal diversity facets vary discretely across an understudied ecotone in the western Amazon-Cerrado. Mamm Biol 104, 129–140 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00393-0

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