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Complementarity between mist-netting and low-cost acoustic recorders to sample bats in Amazonian rainforests and savannahs

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Abstract

Effective survey methods are paramount to measure changes in species distribution, populations dynamics and to guide conservation. Mist-netting and passive acoustic monitoring are two of the most used techniques to sample bats assemblages. Yet, despite the great potential of low-cost autonomous ultrasound recorders in surveying bat assemblages, we lack thorough assessments of their performance in relation to more established survey methods. Taking advantage of the rich bat fauna of the northeastern Brazilian Amazon, we set out to i) investigate the complementarity of mist-netting and acoustic surveys in sampling bats in forest and savannah habitats in the Savannahs of Amapá and ii) undertake a cost-effectiveness evaluation of using one, two or three recorders per sampling site to simultaneously survey bat assemblages. The two methods show complementary, and overall species diversity recorded with mist nets was higher than with acoustic recorders. However, species diversity was higher with acoustic recorders than with mist nets when considering a reduced (n < 3) number of transects. In addition, we found a gain in species diversity when using more than one acoustic recorder in forest habitats, despite the low cost-effectiveness. However, there were no differences between the diversity using one, two or three acoustic recorders in savannah. Due to possible device malfunction, we recommend the use of at least two acoustic recorders in both habitats to reduce the likelihood of data loss. The use of low-cost bioacoustic recorders in bat surveys can help to address critical knowledge gaps for poorly known aerial-hawking insectivores and support evidence-based conservation strategies.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the author on request.

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Acknowledgements

William Douglas Carvalho was supported by post-doctoral (PNPD/CAPES) scholarships of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil, until early 2020 (CAPES/PNPD—Finance Code 001). Currently, WDC is supported by ‘Ayudas Maria Zambrano’ (CA3/RSUE/2021-00197) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities. Bruna Xavier is supported by doctoral scholarships of the CAPES. Funding to Ricardo Rocha was provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (2020.01129.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0004). The fieldwork was authorised by the appropriate Brazilian authority, namely the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA; Collection licenses n° 55867-1). We are grateful to our field assistants Karen Mustin, Daniela Rato, Cledinaldo Marques, Cremilson Marques, Gustavo Silveira, Joandro Pandilha, Jackson Souza and Luís Miguel Rosalino. We also thank Dona Deusa, Dona Damiana, Dona Sônia (comunidade da Ressaca do Pedreira), Mateus (Quilombo do Curiaú), Márcilio e Ceará (Balneário do Alegre), Raizé Domingues, Juliano, José (comunidade do Abacate da Pedreira) e Ivori for allowing us to sample in their areas, for overnight stays and assistance during field activities.

Author information

Author notes

  1. William Douglas Carvalho, João David Miguel, and Bruna da Silva Xavier have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Carretera de Colmenar, Km 15, C/Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    William Douglas Carvalho

  2. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad Y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Carretera de Colmenar, Km 15, C/Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    William Douglas Carvalho

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil

    William Douglas Carvalho

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal Do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 2, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil

    William Douglas Carvalho, Renato Richard Hilário & José Júlio de Toledo

  5. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    João David Miguel & Jorge M. Palmeirim

  6. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-971, Brazil

    Bruna da Silva Xavier

  7. Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Av/Francesc Macià, 51 08402, Granollers, Catalonia, Spain

    Adrià López-Baucells

  8. Laboratório de Mamíferos, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Rodovia JK, Km 10, Macapá, Amapá, 68912-250, Brazil

    Isaí Jorge de Castro

  9. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade Do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Ricardo Rocha

  10. Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK

    Ricardo Rocha

Authors
  1. William Douglas Carvalho
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  2. João David Miguel
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  3. Bruna da Silva Xavier
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  4. Adrià López-Baucells
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  5. Isaí Jorge de Castro
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  6. Renato Richard Hilário
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  7. José Júlio de Toledo
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  8. Ricardo Rocha
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  9. Jorge M. Palmeirim
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Contributions

WDC, ALB, RR and JMP originally formulated the idea; WDC, JDM, BSX and IJC conducted fieldwork; JDM and ALB performed the acoustic identification; WDC and JDM performed statistical analyses and WDC, JDM and BSX wrote the drafts of the main manuscript and the online resources. All authors contributed critically to the manuscript and gave final approval for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to William Douglas Carvalho.

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Carvalho, W.D., Miguel, J.D., da Silva Xavier, B. et al. Complementarity between mist-netting and low-cost acoustic recorders to sample bats in Amazonian rainforests and savannahs. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY 24, 47–60 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42974-022-00131-5

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