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Diversity of root-associated mycobiome of Betula utilis D. Don: a treeline species in Kashmir Himalaya

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A Correction to this article was published on 30 May 2022

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Abstract

Treelines and treeline species are being studied the world over because of their sensitivity to climate change but most of these studies have not focused on the essential belowground mutualists which could influence the outcome of the interaction between treeline species and climate change, such as the treeline shift. To fill this knowledge gap, we processed 27 root samples of Betula utilis from two sites in the Kashmir Himalaya and identified 590 species of root-associated fungi belonging to 158 genera, 80 families, 38 orders, 15 classes and 3 phyla from a total of 9157 quality reads. Most of the identified species belonged to Basidiomycetes. Papiliotrema, Humaria, Sphaerobolus, Sebicina, Inocybe, Cryptococcus, Lactarius and Laccaria were the dominant taxa. Symbiotroph, Saproptroph-Symbiotroph and Saprotrophs were the dominant trophic modes of the identified root-associated fungi and most of the identified species belonged to the Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) guild. Differences in the species richness between the two sites were noted and a total of 511 taxa were recovered from root samples at the Sinthan Top site in south Kashmir whereas only 302 taxa were recovered from root samples at the Apharwat site in north Kashmir. Papiliotrema and Inocybe with > 75% prevalence represented the core microbiome. Our study provides the first detailed and comprehensive account of the diversity of fungi associated with the roots of B. utilis and paves way for exploring their functional role in the growth of this treeline species, particularly under changing climate.

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Data availability

The sequence data generated for this study is available at the NCBI sequence read archive under the accession number PRJNA669364. For identification of plant species, a voucher specimen has been submitted to the host University’s herbarium (Kashmir University Botanical Herbarium) under voucher specimen number: 3714-KASH.

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Acknowledgements

Our explicit acknowledgement goes to the YAAZ xenomics Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India, for supporting and providing lab to carry out Next Generation Amplicon Sequencing related work. We also thank support staff of GAIA pipeline Barcelona, Spain for helping in data analysis.

Funding

The study was partially supported under the Timberline project supported by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change (New Delhi) thorough G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (Almora), Uttarakhand grant to University of Kashmir, Srinagar.

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India

    Nafeesa Farooq Khan & Zafar Ahmad Reshi

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  1. Nafeesa Farooq Khan
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Contributions

Conceived study and sampling design of experiment: ZAR and NFK. Conducted fieldwork, processed and analyzed samples: NFK. Analyzed data and submitted data: NFK. Wrote and refined paper: ZAR and NFK.

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Correspondence to Nafeesa Farooq Khan.

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The original online version of this article was revised: Modifications have been made in the text, to several section headings and also to Table 1. Full information regarding the corrections made can be found in the erratum/correction for this article.

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Khan, N.F., Reshi, Z.A. Diversity of root-associated mycobiome of Betula utilis D. Don: a treeline species in Kashmir Himalaya. Trop Ecol 63, 531–546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-022-00230-4

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