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Assemblages and seasonal patterns in butterflies across different ecosystems in a sub-tropical zone of Jammu Shiwaliks, Jammu and Kashmir, India

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Abstract

The present study was aimed to understand the community structure and functionality of butterflies in three different sub-tropical ecosystems concerning the habitat types and seasonality. We sampled the butterflies for their abundance, diversity and host plant specificity from 21 linear transects placed in a stratified random manner in heterogeneous mosaic landscapes, urban green spaces and natural forests from April to December 2018. Overall, 6384 individuals of 118 butterfly species in 81 genera, six families and 20 subfamilies were observed. Our results indicated that the land cover type and the seasonal variability had a pronounced influence on the species richness, abundance, diversity and similarity across different sites with significantly higher values recorded for mosaic landscapes during the wet season. In contrast, the urban built-up site was more speciose with higher abundance than natural forests. Each system harboured unique species assemblages with high similarity among the sites as well as seasons. Presence of protected and habitat exclusive species substantiate a high conservation value of these habitats especially the urban green spaces, and thus, calls for effective management strategies for the conservation and proliferation of butterflies in sub-tropical areas of Jammu region.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Rector, Bhaderwah Campus, University of Jammu for providing the administrative support during this study. The Department of Wildlife Protection, Govt. of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is thanked for the technical help and logistic support during the surveys. The help rendered by Ms. Asha Sohil in the statistical analysis, Mr. Muzaffar Kichloo in the synthesis of map and Mr. Sandeep Bhargav and Dinesh Singh in the field data collection is highly appreciated and duly acknowledged.

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  1. Institute of Mountain Environment, University of Jammu, Bhaderwah, Jammu & Kashmir, 182222, India

    Neeraj Sharma

  2. Department of Zoology, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180006, India

    Shakha Sharma

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Correspondence to Neeraj Sharma.

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Sharma, N., Sharma, S. Assemblages and seasonal patterns in butterflies across different ecosystems in a sub-tropical zone of Jammu Shiwaliks, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Trop Ecol 62, 261–278 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-020-00139-w

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