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Predictive Model for Elapsed Time Between Mixing Operation and Compaction of Lateritic Soil Treated with Lime and Quarry Dust for Sub-base of Low-cost Roads

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Abstract

Quarry dust is a waste material which could pose as a serious environmental risk factor, which requires proper handling for safety. Also to harness locally available materials, lateritic soil and quarry dust have been an attractive proposition. This work studied 0–180 min at 30 min intervals of elapsed time between mixing operation and compaction for lateritic soil treated with lime and quarry dust. Constant dosages of lime 2, 4, 6 and 8% were mixed with variations of quarry dust of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%; all percentages were measured by weight of the dry lateritic soil. Preliminary tests were conducted on the natural lateritic soil for characterization. The clay minerals present in the lateritic soil were identified using X-ray diffraction technique while the mineral oxide composition of quarry dust was done using X-ray fluorescent technique. The tests carried out on the treated lateritic soil were compaction test (British Standard Light), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The lateritic soil was classified to be A-6 (3) in the AASHTO rating system and Clayey Sand (SC) in the Unified Soil Classification System. The predominant non-clay mineral and clay mineral present in the soil were quartz and kaolinite, respectively, with traces of Moganite, Gismondine, Sanidine, Muscovite and Dickite. The quarry dust was found to satisfy the requirements for good pozzolanic materials. The Atterberg limits for the treated lateritic soil all reduced with increase in lime and quarry dust contents. The compaction and strength characteristics of the treated lateritic soil all reduced with increase in elapsed time between mixing and compaction. The California bearing ratio and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 days of curing period increased by 230.77% and 126.61%, respectively, at the addition of up to 8% of lime and 18% of quarry dust contents. A predictive model of good fit was developed for maximum allowable time elapsed between mixing operation and compaction for any given mix and strength characteristics. The correlation coefficient “R” and coefficient of determination “R2” are 0.902 and 0.814, respectively. Also at 95% confidence level, lime content, quarry dust content, optimum moisture content (OMC), California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) all affected the elapsed time between mixing and compaction significantly.

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Abbreviations

D:

Compaction delay (minutes)

L:

Lime content (%)

Q:

Quarry dust content (%)

C:

California bearing ratio (%)

M:

Optimum moisture content (%)

S:

Unconfined compressive strength at 7 days of curing period (KN/m2)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

    Ugochukwu N. Okonkwo, Emmanuel E. Arinze & Sunday U. Ubochi

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  1. Ugochukwu N. Okonkwo
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  2. Emmanuel E. Arinze
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  3. Sunday U. Ubochi
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Correspondence to Ugochukwu N. Okonkwo.

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Okonkwo, U.N., Arinze, E.E. & Ubochi, S.U. Predictive Model for Elapsed Time Between Mixing Operation and Compaction of Lateritic Soil Treated with Lime and Quarry Dust for Sub-base of Low-cost Roads. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 15, 243–255 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-021-00022-4

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