Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of aggregate selection and design gyrations on the performance of polymer and devulcanized rubber modified mixtures

  • Published:
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential performance improvement of asphalt mixtures by changing the source of aggregates and the number of design gyrations during the mix-design process. Two surface course mixtures were produced in the laboratory using common Michigan’s aggregates and polymer modified binders. Their linear viscoelastic behavior was evaluated in the laboratory, together with the resistance to rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking. The same characterization was performed on two mixtures designed with aggregates of better quality, a higher level of compaction (i.e., design gyrations), and the same binder type. Results were used for a direct comparison of thermal cracking susceptibility and for calibrating the rutting and fatigue cracking models of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Results showed that the resistance to all the major pavement distresses improved sensibly. Moreover, it was observed that the presence of aggregate of better quality together with the application of higher compaction level did not affect the binder quantity of the enhanced mixtures (± 0.2%) which could be a major economic concern for State Departments. The results of this research could lead to a revision of the Superpave mix-design criteria currently adopted by the Department of Transportation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Society of Civil Engineers, Report Card For Michigan’s 2018 Infrastructure, ASCE, Reston, Virginia, USA, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. J. Cominsky, G. A. Huber, T. W. Kennedy, M. Anderson, The Superpave Mix Design Manual for New Construction and Overlays. No. SHRP-A-407. Strategic Highway Research Program, Washington DC, USA, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. West, C. Rodezno, F. Leiva, F. Yin, Development of a Framework for Balanced Mix Design. Project NCHRP 20-07/Task 406. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Auburn, USA, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Seitllari, I. Boz, J. Habbouche, S. D. Diefenderfer, Assessment of cracking performance indices of asphalt mixtures at intermediate temperatures, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1730838

  5. L. F. Walubita, A. N. M. Faruk, J. Zhang, J. J. Komba, E. I. Alrashydah, G. S. Simate, The Hamburg Rutting Test (HWTT) alternative data analysis methods and HMA screening criteria, Inter. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 12 (1) (2019) 110–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Seitllari, M. E. Kutay, Development of 3-Point Bending Beam Fatigue Test System and Implementation of Viscoelastic Continuum Damage (VECD) Theory, J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol. 88 (2019).

  7. A. Seitllari, M. A. Lanotte, M. E. Kutay, Comparison of uniaxial tension-compression fatigue test results with SCB test performance indicators developed for performance-based mix design procedure, in Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VII: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference’Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements’(7ICONFBMP), Thessaloniki, Greece, 2019, pp. 278.

  8. R. Rahbar-Rastegar, E. V Dave, and J. Sias Daniel, Fatigue and Thermal Cracking Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures Using Continuum-Damage and Cohesive-Zone Models, J. Transp. Eng. Part B Pavements 144 (4) (2018).

  9. M. E. Kutay, M. Lanotte, Viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) models for cracking problems in asphalt mixtures, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. 19 (3) (2017) 231–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Arambula, M. E. Kutay, Tension-compression fatigue test evaluation using fracture mechanics and field data, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 10 (1) (2009) 83–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. L. Lytton, J. Uzan, E. G. Fernando, R. Roque, D. Hiltunen, S. M. Stoffels, Development and validation of performance prediction models and specifications for asphalt binders and paving mixes. Vol. 357. Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington DC, USA, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. Kenis, W. Wang, Calibrating mechanistic flexible pavement rutting models from full scale accelerated tests, in Eighth International Conference on Asphalt Pavements, Seattle, Washington, USA, 1997, pp. 663–672.

  13. K. P. Biligiri, K. E. Kaloush, M. S. Mamlouk, M. W. Witczak, Rational Modeling of Tertiary Flow for Asphalt Mixtures, Transp. Res. Rec. 2001 (2007) 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. H. L. Von Quintus, J. Mallela, R. Bonaquist, C. W. Schwartz, R. L. Carvalho, Calibration of Rutting Models for Structural and Mix Design. Vol. 719. Transp. Res. Board, Washington DC, USA, 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. E. Oscarsson, Evaluation of the Mechanistic — Empirical Pavement Design Guide model for permanent deformations in asphalt concrete, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. 12 (1) (2011) 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. E. V Dave, W. G. Buttlar, S. E. Leon, B. Behnia, G. H. Paulino, IlliTC-low-temperature cracking model for asphalt pavements, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 14 (2) (2013) 57–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. P. B. Blankenship and R. M. Anderson, Laboratory Investigation of HMA modulus, flow number and flexural fatigue on samples of varying density. J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol. 79 (2010).

  18. S. Tayfur, H. Ozen, A. Aksoy, Investigation of rutting performance of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers, Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (2) (2007) 328–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W. A. Zeiada, K. E. Kaloush, B. S. Underwood, M. E. Mamlouk, Improved method of considering air void and asphalt content changes on long-term performance of asphalt concrete pavements, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. 15 (8) (2014) 718–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Epps et al., Recommended Performance-Related Specification for Hot-Mix Asphalt Construction: Results of the WesTrack Project. Vol. 455. Transportation Research Board, Washington DC, USA, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  21. M. Y. Fattah, M. M. Hilal, H. B. Flyeh, Evaluation of the mechanical stability of asphalt mixture using the gyratory compactor, Inter. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 12 (5) (2019) 508–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y. Liu, W. Sun, H. Nair, D. Stephen Lane, L. Wang, Quantification of Aggregate Morphologic Characteristics as Related to Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete with Improved FTI System, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (8) (2016) 04016046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. M. Hasan, M. Ahmad, M. A. Hasan, H. M. Faisal, R. A. Tarefder, Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Fine and Coarse-Graded Asphalt Concrete Mix, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (11) (2019).

  24. Y. R. Kim’, N. Kim, N. P. Khosla, Effects of Aggregate Type and Gradation on Fatigue and Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Concrete, Effects of Aggregates and Mineral Fillers on Asphalt Mixture Performance, ASTM STP 1147. Philadelphia, 1992.

  25. N. C. Krutz, P. E. Sebaaly, The Effects of Aggregate Gradation on Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Concrete, J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol. 62 (1971).

  26. A. Golalipour, E. Jamshidi, Y. Niazi, Z. Afsharikia, M. Khadem, Effect of Aggregate Gradation on Rutting of Asphalt Pavements, Procedia — Soc. Behav. Sci., 53 (2012) 440–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. H. U. Bahia and A. Stakston, The effect of fine aggregate angularity, asphalt content and performance graded asphalts on hot mix asphalt performance, No. WHRP 03-0, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. A. Cross, E. R. Brown, Selection of aggregate properties to minimize rutting of heavy duty pavements, in Effects of Aggregates and Mineral Fillers on Asphalt Mixture Performance, Ed. R. Meininger, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1992, p. 45–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Alsalihi, S. M. Asce, A. Faheem, Compaction and Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt with High-Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (4) (2020) 04020055.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. Li, P. Liu, C. Du, M. Schnittcher, J. Hu, D. Wang, M. Oeser, Microstructural analysis of the effects of compaction on fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures Microstructural analysis of the effects of compaction on fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1728532

  31. J. Harvey, B.W. Tsai, Effects of Asphalt Content and Air Void Content on Mix Fatigue and Stiffness, Transp. Res. Rec. 1543 (5) (1996) 38–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J. R. Willis, A. Taylor, N. H. Tran, B. Kluttz, D. H. Timm, Laboratory evaluation of high polymer plant-produced mixtures, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 13 (sup1) (2012) 260–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Sousa, J. Pais, M. Prates, R. Barros, P. Langlois, A.-M. Leclerc, Effect of Aggregate Gradation on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete Mixes, Transp. Res. Rec. J. 1630 (1998) 62–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. N. Tran, P. Turner, J. Shambley, Enhanced Compaction to Improve Durability and Extend Pavement Service Life: A Literature Review. NCAT Report No. 16-02, National Center for Asphalt Technology, Auburn, AL, USA, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. J. Van Dam et al., Towards Sustainable Pavement Systems. A Reference Document. FHWA-HIF-15-00. The Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC, USA, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  36. E. T. Zegeye, K. H. Moon, Mugur Turos, T. R. Clyne, M. O. Marasteanu, Low Temperature Fracture Properties of Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Asphalt Mixtures, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (8) (2012) 1089–1096.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. E. V Dave, C. Hoplin, Flexible pavement thermal cracking performance sensitivity to fracture energy variation of asphalt mixtures, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (S1) (2015) 423–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. X. Li, A. F. Braham, M. O. Marasteanu, W. G. Buttlar, R. C. Williams, Effect of Factors Affecting Fracture Energy of Asphalt Concrete at Low Temperature, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 9(sup1: Special Issue on Asphalt Technology [EATA 2008]) (2008) 397–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. D. Jung, T. S. Vinson, Low Temperature Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures (With Discussion), J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol. 62 (1993) 54–92.

    Google Scholar 

  40. B. D. Prowell, E. R. Brown, Superpave Mix Design: Verifying Gyration Levels in the Ndesign Table. NCHRP Report 573. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington DC, USA, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  41. F. Zhou, T. Scullion, L. Walubita, B. T. Wilson, Implementation of a Performance-Based Mix Design System in Texas, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington DC, USA, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. C. West, C. Rodezno, F. Leiva, A. J. Taylor, Regressing Air Voids for Balanced HMA Mix Design. Report No. WHRP 0092-16-06. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, WI, USA, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  43. S. Kocak, M. E. Kutay, Combined Effect of SBS and Devulcanized Rubber (DVR) Modification on Performance Grade and Fatigue Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Binders, in 8th RILEM International Conference on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Pavements, 2016, pp. 269–274.

  44. Michigan Department of Trasnportation, Standard specifications for construction. 2012.

  45. M. E. Kutay, N. Gibson, and J. Youtcheff, Conventional and Viscoelastic Continuum Damage (VECD) — Based Fatigue Analysis of Polymer Modified Asphalt Pavements, J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol., vol. 77, pp. 1–32, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  46. M. E. Kutay, N. Gibson, J. Youtcheff, and R. Dongré, Use of Small Samples to Predict Fatigue Lives of Field Cores Newly Developed Formulation Based on Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Theory, Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board, vol. 2127, pp. 90–97, 2009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard test for determining fracture energy of asphalt- aggregate mixtures using the disk-shaped compact tension geometry. ASTM D7313 — 13. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  48. S. Khosravifar, I. Haider, Z. Afsharikia, and C. W. Schwartz, Application of time-temperature superposition to develop master curves of cumulative plastic strain in repeated load permanent deformation tests, Inter. J. Pavement Eng. 16 (3) (2016) 214–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. C. W. Schwartz, B. K. Diefenderfer, B. F. Bowers, Material Properties of Cold In-Place Recycled and Full-Depth Reclamation Asphalt Concrete, NCHRP Research Report No. Project 09-51. Transp. Res. Board, Washington DC, USA, 2017.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  50. E. Santagata, O. Baglieri, P. P. Riviera, M. Lanotte, M. Alam, Influence of lateral confining pressure on flow number tests, in Proceeding of the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields Conference, Athens, Greece, 2017.

  51. A. Seitllari, M. A. Lanotte, M. E. Kutay, Calibration of the MEPDG Rutting Model: Issues and Consequences on Rutting Prediction, in Transportation Research Board 98th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, USA, 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beam, Longest and Neff, LLC., 8320 Craig St, Indianapolis, IN, 46250, USA

    Aksel Seitllari

  2. Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Michele Lanotte

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, Room Number 3546, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    M. Emin Kutay

Authors
  1. Aksel Seitllari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michele Lanotte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Emin Kutay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Emin Kutay.

Additional information

Peer review under responsibility of Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Seitllari, A., Lanotte, M. & Kutay, M.E. Effect of aggregate selection and design gyrations on the performance of polymer and devulcanized rubber modified mixtures. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 14, 54–62 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0065-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0065-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation