Abstract
Over the past 3 decades India has emerged as the 2nd largest producer and consumer of steel globally, as its domestic crude steel production capacity expanded by a multiple of 6.5, from 22 million tonne in 1990–91 to 142 million tonne in 2018–19. Competitiveness of the Indian steel industry, measured by total factor productivity growth over the past 3 decades, however, does not indicate a significant break from the decade prior to the economic reforms of 1991. The Translog index shows a lower growth for the entire period following 1991, and improves marginally only for the period 2002–03 to 2017–18. Partial productivity, both for labour as well as capital, shows an improvement for the period of study. Of the structural change parameters for the industry, trade integration and change in technological route of production emerge as significant variables impacting total factor productivity index.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Publically available sources.
References
Aiginger, K., & Vogel, J. (2015). Competitiveness: from a misleading concept to a strategy supporting Beyond GDP goals. Competitiveness Review, 25(5), 497–523. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-06-2015-0052
Ambastha, A., & Momaya, K. (2004). Competitiveness of firms: review of theory, frameworks and models. Singapore Management Review, 26(1), 45–61
Annual Survey of Industries, Instruction Manual, January, 2014, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and PI, Government of India
Australian Industry Report, (2014). Structural Change and Australian Industry, 71–123 https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australian-industry-report-2014
Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2063(01)00115-5
Bridoux, F. (2004). A resource based approach to performance and competition. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://cdn.uclouvain.be/public/Exports%20reddot/iag/documents/WP_110_Bridoux.pdf
Buckley, P. J. (1992). The frontiers of international business research. Studies in International Business. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12174-8_2
Buckley, P. J., Pass, C. L., & Prescott, K. (1988). Measures of international competitiveness: A critical survey. Journal of Marketing Management, 4(2), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964068
Cann, O. (2017). Agenda, World Economic Forum https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/what-is-economic-competitiveness/
Cheba, K., Bąk, I., & Szopik-Depczyńska, K. (2020). Sustainable competitiveness as a new economic category—definition and measurement assessment. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 26(6), 1399–1421. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.13528
Chikán, A. (2008). National and firm competitiveness: A general research model competitiveness review: An International Business Journal incorporating. Journal of Global Competitiveness, 18, 20–28
Cho, D. S. (1994). A dynamic approach to international competitiveness: The case of Korea. Journal of Far Eastern Business, 1, 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602389400000002
Cho, D. S., & Moon, H. C. (2000). From Adam Smith to Michael Porter. World Scientific.
Das, R. U. (2014) India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA): Some Implications for East Asian Economic Regionalism and RCEP. RIS Discussion Papers # 186. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2429234
Doyle, E. (1997). Structural change in Ireland: The contribution of sectoral employment distribution to labour productivity convergence between Ireland and the EU: 1970–1990. Journal of Economic Studies., 24, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589710156880
Goldar, B. N. (1986). Productivity growth in Indian industry. Allied Publishers.
Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitiveness Centre. (2014). A Brief Comparison of the World Competitiveness Yearbook and Global Competitiveness Report. Retrieved on 8 April, 2021, from: https://www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-reflections/the-global-competitiveness-report
Ishikawa S. (1987). Structural change. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1775-1
Kathuria, V., Raj, S. N., & Sen, K. (2014). Methods and issues in productivity measurement. Productivity in Indian Manufacturing, Productivity in Indian Manufacturing, Routledge.
Krugman, P. (1994). Competitiveness: A dangerous obsession. Foreign Affairs, 73(2), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/20045917
Kumar, N., & Chadha, A. (2009). India’s outward foreign direct investments in steel industry in a Chinese comparative perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(2), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtp004
Mahadevan, R. (2003). To measure or not to measure total factor productivity growth? Oxford Development Studies., 31, 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360081032000111742
Manthri, P., Bhokray, K., & Momaya, K. S. (2015). Export competitiveness of select firms from India: glimpse of trends and implications. Indian Journal of Marketing, 45(5), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2015/v45/i5/79934
Ministry of Steel (MoS), Government of India (2017, May). National Steel Policy 2017 https://steel.gov.in/national-steel-policy-nsp-2017
Ministry of Steel (MoS), Government of India (2018). Developments of Indian Steel Sector since 1991. Retrieved on 4 April, 2021, from: https://steel.gov.in/sites/default/files/development_Since1991_27December2018.pdf
Ministry of Steel (MoS), Government of India. Annual Report (2018–19). Retrieved from https://steel.gov.in/annual-reports
Moon, H. C., Rugman, A., & Verbeke, A. (1998). A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore. International Business Review, 7(2), 135–150. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:iburev:v:7:y:1998:i:2:p:135-150
Narwade, P., & Sonar, H. (2019). Empirical Analysis of Total Factor Productivity growth of Indian Steel Industry. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(2), 1627–1637. http://www.j-asc.com/gallery/208-february-1913.pdf
Peteraf, M. (1993). Cornerstones of competitive advantage: Aresource based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179–191
Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry structure and competitive strategy: Keys to profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30–41. Retrieved December 18, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4478361
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. The Macmillan Press Limited.
Porter, M. E. (2007, August 13). Understanding Industry Structure. Harvard Business School Background Note 707–493
Prahlad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990, May–June). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review
Ray, S., & Pal, M. K. (2010). Trend in total factor productivity growth in Indian iron and steel industries under a liberalized trade regime: An empirical analysis with adjustment for capacity utilization. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(3)
Rugman, A., & D'Cruz, J. (1993). The "Double Diamond" model of international competitiveness: The Canadian experience. Management International Review, 33, 17–39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40228188
Saccone, D., & Valli, V. (2009). Structural change and economic development in China and India. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 6(1), 101–129. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1486093
Schilirò, D. (2012). Structural change and models of structural analysis: Theories, principles and methods. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10257-012-0007-0
Seshadri, V. (2015). India-Korea CEPA: An Appraisal of Progress, ASEAN-India Centre, Research and Information System for Developing Countries. https://www.ris.org.in/sites/default/files/FINAL%20India%20and%20Korea%20Report.pdf
Singh, N. K., & Raina, D. (2015). Productivity Measurement of Steel Industry in India. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 7(4), 3–13
Siudek, T., & Zawojska, A. (2014). Competitiveness in the economic concepts, theories and empirical research. Oeconomia, 13(1), 91–108
Sivakumar, S. (2013). A Study on Productivity and Growth of Steel Industry in India. International Journal of Business Management, 3(1), 75–76
Syrquin, M. (2008). Structural change and development. International Handbook of Development Economics, 1 & 2, 48–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287237769
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Secretariat (2005). Improving the competitiveness of SMEs through enhancing productive capacity: proceedings of four Expert Meetings. UN, New York and Geneva. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/557043?ln=en
World Steel Association (WSA). Steel Statistical Yearbook – 1992, 1999, & 2020. https://www.worldsteel.org/
World Steel Association (WSA). World Steel in Figures – 2002 & 2020. https://www.worldsteel.org/
Zhang, J., Ebbers, H., & Mulder, R. (2012). Competitiveness of Chinese industries—A comparison with the EU. Review of European Studies https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v4n1p203
Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge the benefit received from suggestions of my former professor, Dr. K L Krishna regarding the empirical work on TFP. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Arup Mitra for patiently listening to my approach and giving very useful suggestions on how to develop the paper. I would like to convey my thanks to Professor Saboohi Nasim, and the anonymous reviewers & the editors of JGBC for improving the paper by their incisive comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Informed Consent
Submitted for publication in International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S. Structural Changes and Competitiveness of the Steel Industry in India: Assessed by Productivity Growth post Economic Reforms. JGBC 16, 39–50 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42943-021-00024-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42943-021-00024-w