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Moisture-Dependent Engineering Characterization of Psyllium Seeds: Physical, Frictional, Aerodynamic, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

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Abstract

Purpose

The analysis of the engineering properties of food and agricultural products is necessary to design processing, sorting, handling, sizing, and other postharvesting equipment.

Methods

The engineering properties of psyllium seeds (PSs) as a function of moisture content (MC, 4.32–20.38% d.b.) were assessed. The regression linear and polynomial models with high coefficients of determination were also fitted to the data to explain the significant effect of moisture content on different engineering properties.

Results

An increase in axial dimensions with increasing MC led to a significant increase in volume (1.27–1.45 mm3), surface area (4.51–4.98 mm2), and sphericity (51.7–52.5%) of PSs. However, the bulk (654.16–601.35 kg/m3) and true (1265.1–1074.7 kg/m3) densities and porosity (48.29–44.04%) were reduced by increasing MC. Increasing the MC led to a significant increase in repose angle (32.30–39.61°) and terminal velocity (1.51–2.41 m/s). The galvanized iron sheet (0.423–0.519) had the highest static friction coefficients compared to glass (0.261–0.332), stainless steel (0.369–0.426), and plywood (0.393–0.458) surfaces. The rupture force was significantly decreased by increasing MC. Under the vertical loading orientation, PSs required less compressive force to rupture compared to the horizontal loading orientation. The specific heat (1.56–3.12 kJ/kg K°) and thermal conductivity (0.235–0.322 W/m K°) were increased by increasing MC, while the thermal diffusivity (2.3–1.7 × 10−4 m2/s) decreased.

Conclusions

Since MC had a key role in changing engineering properties of PSs, the resulted regression equations can be applied for extracting mucilaginous polysaccharides from PSs grown in other geographical areas with different weather conditions.

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Abbreviations

PSs:

psyllium seeds

MC:

moisture content (% w.b.)

EAR:

emptying angle of repose (°)

SFCs:

static friction coefficients

GS:

glass

SS:

stainless steel

PW:

plywood

GIS:

galvanized iron sheet

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  1. Department of Research and Development, Nova Harmony LLC, Santa Monica, CA, USA

    Reza Hashemifesharaki

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Hashemifesharaki, R. Moisture-Dependent Engineering Characterization of Psyllium Seeds: Physical, Frictional, Aerodynamic, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties. J. Biosyst. Eng. 45, 374–384 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-020-00077-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-020-00077-4

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