Abstract
Researchers have documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), particularly in the absence of a nurturing caregiver, can negatively impact cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development. ACEs can be co-occurring, which increases the number of adversities that individuals may experience. Using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N = 2361), this study examined the interrelatedness of ACEs for 14-month-old children. Three classes of ACEs exposures were identified: ACEs-Low (N = 1431, 60.6%), ACEs-Parent Maltreatment Risk (N = 636, 26.9%), and ACEs-Household Dysfunction (N = 294, 12.5%). Class membership was significantly associated with children’s cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development. Children in the ACEs-Parent Maltreatment Risk group had lower developmental scores across many domains than children in the ACEs-Low group, including cognitive and language development, and social-emotional measures. Children in families with greater household dysfunction (ACEs-Household Dysfunction) had fewer differences in development from the ACEs-Low group of children, primarily in domains that measure emotionality and in parent rating of health. Our study suggests that infants experience patterns of ACEs, which are differentially associated with outcomes at 14 months of age. Results highlight the need for informed early intervention efforts to mitigate the effects of ACEs.
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Acknowledgements
Findings reported here are based on research conducted as part of the national Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Administration for Children and Families (ACF) under Contract 105-95-1936 to Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, NJ, and Columbia University’s Center for Children and Families, Teachers College, in conjunction with the Early Head Start Research Consortium. The consortium consists of representatives from 17 programs participating in the evaluation, 15 local research teams, the evaluation contractors, and ACF. Research institutions in the consortium include ACF; Catholic University of America; Columbia University; Harvard University; Mathematica Policy Research; Medical University of South Carolina; Michigan State University; New York University; NPC Research; University of Arkansas; University of California at Los Angeles; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; University of Missouri-Columbia; University of Pittsburgh; University of Washington College of Education; University of Washington School of Nursing; and Utah State University.
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This work was supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau [R40MC29441].
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McKelvey, L.M., Zhang, D., Whiteside-Mansell, L. et al. Exploring Interrelatedness of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Infancy and Toddlerhood: Using Latent Class Approaches to Examine Developmental Outcomes. ADV RES SCI 4, 33–46 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-022-00066-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-022-00066-w