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Looped Distribution System Radialization Algorithm for Power Flow Analysis Including DC Line and Sectionalizing Switch

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Abstract

This paper proposes the incorporation of a DC line and loop system into the power flow study of a distribution system. A Modified Backward Forward Sweep (BFS) algorithm based on the sequential method is utilized to solve the power flow problem in a power system containing loop caused by either a DC line or a sectionalizing switch. It solves the power flow problem by treating the DC line or sectionalizing switch as two unconnected nodes, thus changing the system into a radial one. Their equivalent parameters are then found at the distribution system’s point of common coupling (PCC) and are used in the radial power flow calculation. BFS is employed to calculate the power flow solution after the system becomes radial. Finally, convergence is achieved when the voltage difference at the PCC calculated from the current and previous iterations is below the tolerance level. Test cases are presented to verify the proposed algorithm, and results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an identical result to the reference values.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Encouragement Program for The Industries of Economic Cooperation Region (No. P0006091).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea

    Victor Widiputra, Sangwon Yun & Jaesung Jung

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  1. Victor Widiputra
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  2. Sangwon Yun
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  3. Jaesung Jung
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Correspondence to Jaesung Jung.

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Appendix

Appendix

1.1 A. Power Flow Comparisons for the Looped System

See Table 4.

Table 4 Voltage result difference between the proposed algorithm and the reference
Full size table

1.2 B. DC Line Model in Simulink

The parameters for the DC line model in the Simulink are as follow (Fig. 10):

Fig. 10
figure 10

DC line model in the Simulink

Full size image
  1. 1.

    Three-phase pi-section line parameters;

    • Positive-sequence resistance: 0.835 Ω/km.

    • Zero-sequence resistance: 4.720 Ω/km.

    • Positive-sequence inductance: 1.078 × 10−3 H/km.

    • Zero-sequence inductance: 3.1715 × 10−3 H/km.

    • Positive-sequence capacitor: 12.74 × 10−14 F/km.

    • Zero-sequence capacitor: 10−20 F/km.

  2. 2.

    Parallel RLC branch parameters:

    • Resistance: 26.07 Ω.

    • Inductance: 48.86 × 10−3 H.

  3. 3.

    DC line pi-line parameter:

    • Resistance: 1.185 Ω/km.

    • Inductance: 0.9337 × 10−3 H/km.

    • Capacitance: 12.74 × 10−9 F/k.

1.3 C. Power Flow Comparisons of the Modified IEEE 13 Node System

See Table 5.

Table 5 Voltage result comparison between the proposed algorithm and the reference
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Widiputra, V., Yun, S. & Jung, J. Looped Distribution System Radialization Algorithm for Power Flow Analysis Including DC Line and Sectionalizing Switch. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 14, 1893–1905 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-019-00238-2

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