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Optimal Placement of Automatic Switching Equipment in Radial Distribution Networks Based on Protective Coordination

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A Correction to this article was published on 25 October 2019

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Abstract

Automatic switching equipment and protection devices (AS/PDs) play a fundamental role in radial power distribution networks. In this paper, a new hybrid method is presented to determine the optimal number, types, and locations of AS/PDs based on protective coordination. When a short circuit fault occurs in a medium voltage distribution network (MV feeder), AS/PDs such as relays, fuses, auto-reclosers and sectionalizers can be employed to disconnect the faulty part from the healthy area. The use of automatic switches at proper locations can significantly decrease system interruptions. The costs of investment, maintenance, and unsupplied energy are considered in the cost function. This function must be minimized in order to obtain the optimal automatic switches, using particle swarm optimization. Furthermore, ant colony optimization is utilized to specify the main branch of MV feeder. The protection equipment determined in this branch is coordinated to protect the feeder against probable faults. If coordination of PDs is not achieved completely, the sizes and locations of AS/PDs are recalculated. The proposed technique is implemented on a feeder of Isfahan power distribution network, as a sample feeder. The obtained results indicate that the proposed technique is acceptable and efficient.

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Change history

  • 25 October 2019

    Due to an unfortunate oversight the correct correspondence author of this article is Mahmoud Fotuhi-Firuzabad.

Abbreviations

i, n:

Index and set of feeder’s buses

j, m:

Index and set of feeder’s loads

N :

Number of feeder buses

QL:

Load reactive power (KVAR)

PL:

Load active power (kW)

L :

Length of section (km)

R, X :

Line impedance (Ω)

Pk:

Power losses (kW)

V :

Section voltage (V)

I :

Section current (A)

I sc/I ef :

Short circuit/earth fault current (KA)

I s :

Current setting (A)

T s :

Time setting (S)

IntR:

Annual interest rate

InfR:

Annual inflation rate

X, Y :

Load location

λ :

Failure rate (f/year)

U :

Average annual interruption time (h/year)

AS/PDs:

Automatic switches/protection devices

SAIDI:

System average interruption duration index

SAIFI:

System average interruption frequency index

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

ACO:

Ant colony optimization

ENS:

Energy not supplied

Fn:

Objective function

MV:

Medium voltage

CINV:

Cost of investment

CENS:

Cost of energy not supplied

CM:

Cost of maintenance

VOLL:

Value of lost load

OC/EF:

Over current/earth fault

CB-R:

A breaker controlled with an OC/EF relay

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Amohadi

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad

Authors
  1. Masoud Amohadi
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  2. Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad
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Correspondence to Masoud Amohadi.

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Amohadi, M., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Optimal Placement of Automatic Switching Equipment in Radial Distribution Networks Based on Protective Coordination. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 14, 1127–1137 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-019-00101-4

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