Abstract
Disposing of soda sludge is one of the critical issues carbonated soft drink industries are currently experiencing. In this experiment, soda sludge was transformed into activated carbon and then used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) dye. The response surface methodology of the central composite design was used to determine the optimal conditions for each test variable, which were then used to determine the activated carbon’s optimum removal efficiency of the MB dye. The FTIR, SEM, and XRD were used to examine the physical and chemical properties of soda sludge–derived activated carbon (SSAC). The results revealed zeolites in SSAC, such as aluminophosphate, gobbinsite and (Na, tetramethylammonium)-E. The alcohols, alkenes, and aromatics are also physically found in the SSAC with a microporous structure. For MB dye removal, the optimum conditions were an initial dye concentration of 88.2 mg/L, an adsorbent dose of 1.6 g and a contact period of 40 min, with a removal efficiency of 95.74 ± 0.48%. The removal of MB dye from an aqueous solution using SSAC fits the Langmuir isotherm with an R2 value of 0.9972, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogenous surface. With an R2 of 0.9576, the best kinetic model to explain the adsorption mechanism was pseudo-first-order, indicating that the adsorption process is more oriented toward physisorption. Each gram of SSAC can remove 52.71 mg of MB. Overall, soda sludge–derived activated carbon is an efficient and effective adsorbent in removing MB dye from an aqueous solution, with significant implications for its use in removing other pollutants from wastewater.
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The authors would like to thank the College of Engineering and Technology of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines – Claveria for the support.
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CG contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, resource acquisition, and original draft writing of the project. MCU was involved in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and resource acquisition. TCC played a role in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and resource acquisition. JA helped in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and resource acquisition. IKB assisted in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and resource acquisition. EVMG was instrumental in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and resource acquisition. CJ was responsible for the formal analysis and supervision of the project. EP assisted in the investigation and supervision. RO oversaw project administration, provided supervision, and contributed to the writing, reviewing, and editing of scientific works.
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Gonzales, C., Ubalde, M.C., Carpentero, T.C. et al. Efficiency of Soda Sludge–Derived Activated Carbon in the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Solution. Mater Circ Econ 6, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-024-00103-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-024-00103-2