Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced creep behavior of carbon black/epoxy composites with high dispersion stability by fluorination

  • Rapid Communications
  • Published:
Carbon Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To enhance mechanical properties through improvement of dispersion stability of carbon black (CB) in epoxy resins, fluorine functional groups were introduced on the CB surface by fluorination. The changes in the chemical properties and dispersion stabilities after fluorination were evaluated with different partial pressures of fluorine gas. The mechanical properties of the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites were evaluated by the test of tensile, impact strengths and creep behavior. The fluorinated CB/epoxy composites showed approximately 1.6 and 1.1 times enhancement in the tensile and impact strengths compared to that of neat epoxy, respectively. Moreover, when a constant load was applied at 323 K, the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites lasted longer and had smaller strain changes than those of the raw CB/epoxy composites. Thus, well-dispersed CB by fluorination in epoxy resins effectively transfers mechanical stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  1. Park MS, Lee S, Lee YS (2017) Mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with ammonia-treated graphene oxides. Carbon Lett 21:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kim HI, Choi WK, Kang SJ, Lee YS, Han JH, Kim BJ (2016) Mechanical interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers-reinforced polarized-polypropylene matrix composites: effects of silane coupling agents. Carbon Lett 17:79–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lu J, Arsalan A, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Qian C, Wang R, Cuilan C, Fu Y, Ni QQ, Ali KN (2017) Shape memory effect and recovery stress property of carbon nanotube/waterborne epoxy nanocomposites investigated via TMA. Polym Test 59:462–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yeo JS, Kim OY, Hwang SH (2017) The effect of chemical surface treatment on the fracture toughness of microfibrillated cellulose reinforced epoxy composites. J Ind Eng Chem 45:301–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee SE, Jeong E, Lee MY, Lee MK, Lee YS (2016) Improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of polyethersulfone-modified epoxy composites. J Ind Eng Chem 33:73–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jabbar A, Militký J, Kale BM, Rwawiire S, Nawab Y, Baheti V (2016) Modeling and analysis of the creep behavior of jute/green epoxy composites incorporated with chemically treated pulverized nano/micro jute fibers. Ind Crops Prod 84:230–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Daghigh V, Khalili S, Farsani RE (2016) Creep behavior of basalt fiber-metal laminate composites. Compos Part B 91:275–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim M, Kim Y, Baeck SH, Shim SE (2015) Effect of surface treatment of graphene nanoplatelets for improvement of thermal and electrical properties of epoxy composites. Carbon Lett 16:34–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mittal G, Dhand V, Rhee KY, Park SJ, Lee WR (2015) A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem 21:11–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kang MJ, Heo YJ, Jin FL, Park SJ (2015) A review: role of interfacial adhesion between carbon blacks and elastomeric materials. Carbon Lett 18:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ries A, Canedo EL, Monteiro AEG, Almeida YMB, Wellen RMR (2016) Model-free non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) filled with carbon black. Polym Test 50:241–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR (2013) Compounding, mechanical and morphological properties of carbon-black-filled natural rubber/recycled ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer (NR/R-EPDM) blends. Polym Test 32:385–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang BB, Chen Y, Wang F, Hong RY (2015) Surface modification of carbon black for the reinforcement of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends. Appl Surf Sci 351:280–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim HI, Han W, Choi WK, Park SJ, An KH, Kim BJ (2016) Effects of maleic anhydride content on mechanical properties of carbon fibers-reinforced maleic anhydride-grafted-poly-propylene matrix composites. Carbon Lett 20:39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Choi YJ, Lee KM, Kang DH, Han JI, Lee YS (2019) Oxyfluorination of expanded graphite: improving the thermal properties of epoxy composites through interfacial interaction. Carbon Lett 29:401–409

    Google Scholar 

  16. Park MS, Kim KH, Lee YS (2016) Fluorination of single-walled carbon nanotube: the effects of fluorine on structural and electrical properties. J Ind Eng Chem 37:22–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jeong E, Jung MJ, Lee SG, Kim HG, Lee YS (2016) Role of surface fluorine in improving the electrochemical properties of Fe/MWCNT electrodes. J Ind Eng Chem 43:78–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim KH, Kang DH, Kim MJ, Lee YS (2019) Effect of C–F bonds introduced by fluorination on the desalination properties of activated carbon as the cathode for capacitive deionization. Desalination 457:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jo H, Kim KH, Jung MJ, Park JH, Lee YS (2017) Fluorination effect of activated carbons on performance of asymmetric capacitive deionization. Appl Surf Sci 409:117–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim KH, Han JI, Kang DH, Lee YS (2018) Improved heat-spreading properties of fluorinated graphite/epoxy film. Carbon Lett 28:96–99

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lee JM, Kim SJ, Kim JW, Kang PH, Nho YC, Lee YS (2009) A high resolution XPS study of sidewall functionalized MWCNTs by fluorination. J Ind Eng Chem 15:66–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu Z, Li J, Timmer D, Lozano K, Bose S (2009) Study of processing variables on the electrical resistivity of conductive adhesives. Int J Adhes Adhes 29:488–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tressaud A, Shirasaki T, Nansé G, Papirer E (2002) Fluorinated carbon blacks: influence of the morphology of the starting material on the fluorination mechanism. Carbon 40:217–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Im JS, Park IJ, In SJ, Kim T, Lee YS (2009) Fluorination effects of MWCNT additives for EMI shielding efficiency by developed conductive network in epoxy complex. J Fluorine Chem 130:1111–1116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang Q, Wu J, Gao L, Liu T, Zhong W, Sui G, Zheng G, Fang W, Yang X (2016) Dispersion stability of functionalized MWCNT in the epoxy–amine system and its effects on mechanical and interfacial properties of carbon fiber composites. Mater Des 94:392–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hawkins SA, Yao H, Wang H, Sue HJ (2017) Tensile properties and electrical conductivity of epoxy composite thin films containing zinc oxide quantum dots and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 115:18–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Thomas R, Lloyd K, Stika K, Stephans L, Magallanes G, Dimonie V, Sudol E, Aasser ME (2000) Low free energy surfaces using blends of fluorinated acrylic copolymer and hydrocarbon acrylic copolymer latexes. Macromolecules 33:8828–8841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Im JS, Yun J, Lim YM, Kim HI, Lee YS (2010) Fluorination of electrospun hydrogel fibers for a controlled release drug delivery system. Acta Biomater 6:102109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li C, He J, Hu J (2016) Surface morphology and electrical characteristics of direct fluorinated epoxy resin/alumina composite. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 23:30713077

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lee SE, Cho S, Lee YS (2014) Mechanical and thermal properties of MWCNT reinforced epoxy nanocomposites by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. Carbon Lett 15:3237

    Google Scholar 

  31. Goertzen WK, Kessler M (2006) Creep behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A 421:217–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Song J, Yang W, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang Y (2016) ASA/graphite/carbon black composites with improved EMI SE, conductivity and heat resistance properties. Iran Polym J 25:111118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang K, Yan X, Ren F, Cui X (2016) Electroactive shape memory cyanate/polybutadiene epoxy composites filled with carbon black. Chin J Polym Sci 34:466474

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20164010201070).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Kyung Hoon Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Ji Wook Kim, Kyeong Min Lee & Young-Seak Lee

  2. Institute of Carbon Fusion Technology (InCFT), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Kyung Hoon Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Ji Wook Kim & Young-Seak Lee

  3. Korea Fire Safety Institute (KFSI), Daejeon, 34426, Republic of Korea

    Hyeong Gi Kim

Authors
  1. Kyung Hoon Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Min-Ji Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ji Wook Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kyeong Min Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hyeong Gi Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Young-Seak Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Young-Seak Lee.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, K.H., Kim, MJ., Kim, J.W. et al. Enhanced creep behavior of carbon black/epoxy composites with high dispersion stability by fluorination. Carbon Lett. 29, 643–648 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-019-00075-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-019-00075-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation