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Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental isolates from the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. Gattii species complexes of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

  • Clinical Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Cryptococcosis is one of the major life-threatening opportunistic/systemic fungal diseases of worldwide occurrence, which can be asymptomatic or establish pneumonia and meningoencephalitis mainly in immunosuppressed patients, caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes. Acquisition is by inhaling fungal propagules from avian droppings, tree hollows and decaying wood, and the association of the molecular types with geographic origin, virulence and antifungal resistance have epidemiological importance. Since data on cryptococcosis in Alagoas are limited, we sought to determine the molecular types of etiological agents collected from clinical and environmental sources. We evaluated 21 isolates previously collected from cerebrospinal fluid and from environment sources (pigeon droppings and tree hollows) in Maceió-Alagoas (Brazil). Restriction fragment length polymorphism of URA5 gene was performed to characterize among the eight standard molecular types (VNI-VNIV and VGI-VGIV). Among isolates, 66.67% (14) were assigned to C. neoformans VNI – 12 of them (12/14) recovered from liquor and 2 from a tree hollow (2/14). One isolate from pigeon droppings (4.76%) corresponded to C. neoformans VNIV, while five strains from tree hollows and one from pigeon droppings (6, 28.57%) to C. gattii VGII. VNI-type was present in clinical and environmental samples and most C. neoformans infections were observed in HIV-positive patients, while types VNIV and VGII were prevalent in environmental sources in Alagoas. This is the first molecular characterization of Cryptococcus spp. in Alagoas, our study provides additional information on the ecoepidemiology of Cryptococcus spp. in Brazil, contributing to a closer view of the endemic species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Tamires Y. M. dos Santos, Isabelle R. de O. Queiroz and Madson C. M. Cavalcante for previous sampling and phenotypical identification of the isolates. We thank the Hospital Escola Dr. Hélvio Auto personnel for collecting clinical samples. We also thank Marcia Lazera (INI-Fiocruz) for the kind donation of the standard molecular types of Cryptococcus spp.

Funding

This work was supported by Ministério da Saúde do Brasil; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas (FAPEAL) [grant number 60030000739/2013] and funding scholarship by Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Douglas Lyra de Holanda Fonseca

  2. Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Sector of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Denise Maria Wanderlei da Silva

  3. Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Sector of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil

    Fernanda Cristina de Albuquerque Maranhão

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Douglas Lyra (Investigation; data curation; writing – original draft preparation; writing – review and editing), Denise Wanderlei (Supervision; conceptualization; funding acquisition; methodology; project administration; data curation; writing – review and editing) and Fernanda Maranhão (Supervision; conceptualization; funding acquisition; methodology; project administration; data curation; writing – review and editing).

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Correspondence to Fernanda Cristina de Albuquerque Maranhão.

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This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (number 19035713.8.0000.5013) in accordance with the resolution 466/2012 of the National Council of Health from Brazil. Informed consent was obtained from all individuals participants in this study.

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de Holanda Fonseca, D.L., Silva, D.M.W. & de Albuquerque Maranhão, F.C. Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental isolates from the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. Gattii species complexes of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01313-1

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