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Effects of heavy metals on bacterial growth parameters in degradation of phenol by an Antarctic bacterial consortium

  • Environmental Microbiology - Short Communication
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Abstract

Antarctica has often been perceived as a pristine continent until the recent few decades as pollutants have been observed accruing in the Antarctic environment. Irresponsible human activities such as accidental oil spills, waste incineration and sewage disposal are among the primary anthropogenic sources of heavy metal contaminants in Antarctica. Natural sources including animal excrement, volcanism and geological weathering also contribute to the increase of heavy metals in the ecosystem. A microbial growth model is presented for the growth of a bacterial cell consortium used in the biodegradation of phenol in media containing different metal ions, namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co). Bacterial growth was inhibited by these ions in the rank order of Al < As < Co < Pb < Ni < Cd < Ag. Greatest bacterial growth occurred in 1 ppm Al achieving an OD600 of 0.985 and lowest in 1 ppm Ag with an OD600 of 0.090. At a concentration of 1.0 ppm, Ag had a considerable effect on the bacterial consortium, inhibiting the degradation of phenol, whereas this concentration of the other metal ions tested had no effect on degradation. The biokinetic growth model developed supports the suitability of the bacterial consortium for use in phenol degradation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ms. Nancy Calisto-Ulloa, Chilean Army and the Antarctic General Bernardo O’Higgins Station staff especially the Comandante de la Base O’Higgins, Teniente Coronel Jose Ignacio Alvarado Camps, the Comandante de la sección de exploracion y rescate O’higgins, Capitan René Salgado Rebolledo, and Sargento Segundo Augusto Antonio Barra Morale, Sargento Segundo Flavio Marcelo Nahuelcoy Perez and Sargento Segundo Claudio Durand Ibacache.

Funding

This study was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia, PUTRA Berimpak (9660000), and Centro de Investigacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA). Peter Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Tengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki, Syazani Darham, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri, Kavilasni Subramaniam & Siti Aqlima Ahmad

  2. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Peter Convey

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

    Peter Convey

  4. Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile

    Peter Convey

  5. Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-Ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan

    Azham Zulkharnain

  6. School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 45000 Section 2, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalilah Abdul Khalil

  7. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Faradina Merican

  8. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile

    Claudio Gomez-Fuentes

  9. Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda, 01855, Bulnes, Chile

    Claudio Gomez-Fuentes & Siti Aqlima Ahmad

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  1. Tengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki
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Tengku-Mazuki, T.A., Darham, S., Convey, P. et al. Effects of heavy metals on bacterial growth parameters in degradation of phenol by an Antarctic bacterial consortium. Braz J Microbiol 55, 629–637 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01215-8

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